Retinoic acid attenuates ileitis by restoring the balance between T-helper 17 and T regulatory cells.
Retinoic acid attenuates ileitis by restoring the balance between T-helper 17 and T regulatory cells.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.049
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Rivera-Nieves J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins CB;Aherne CM;Kominsky D;McNamee EN;Lebsack MD;Eltzschig H;Jedlicka P;Rivera-Nieves J
Retinoic acid (RA), produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and dendritic cells (DCs) and regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, controls the enteric immune response by activating regulatory T (Treg) cells and preventing activation of T-helper (Th)17 cells We studied the roles of RA in mice that overproduce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and develop chronic ileitis (TNFΔARE mice). We assessed the frequency and function of CD103+ DCs and Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry; we measured expression of cytokines and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes in ileum samples, DCs, and IECs by real-time PCR. We quantified RA by electrochemical analysis and examined the effect of RA supplementation on TNF-induced ileitis using histologic, co-culture, and suppression assays and flow cytometry Numbers of CD103+ DCs decreased in the inflamed ilea of mice with chronic disease; RA synthetic machinery (RALDH1,2) was downregulated. Nevertheless, the proportion of CD4+, CD25+, FoxP3+ Treg cells increased, indicating an alternate source for RA. IECs responded to reduced levels of RA by upregulating RALDH3 in vivo and in vitro. Net tissue levels of RA levels remained lower in TNFΔARE than wild-type mice, indicating that epithelial up-regulation of RALDH3 could not maintain adequate concentrations of RA, probably because of loss of IEC mass. RA supplementation significantly attenuated disease by increasing the number and function of CD103+ DCs and Treg cells and reducing Th17 cells Reduced levels of RA appear to induce IEC to upregulate synthesis of RA. RA supplementation attenuates ileitis through its effects on CD103+ DCs and Treg and Th17 cells. RA supplementation might used to treat patients with Crohn's disease
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