The way of the future?
The way of the future?
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作者：
W. Hersh
科学家们越来越担心，研究结果被越来越少的出版商控制，这些出版商对市场有很大的控制权。然而，这种垄断是由科学家自己间接支持的，他们的目标是在最负盛名和被引用最多的期刊上发表文章，并需要这些出版物来获得推广和拨款。一个相关的担忧是，政府为大多数基础研究提供资金，由科学家个人进行研究，然后将结果报告交给出版商，出版商获得版权，并将其卖回给那些政府和科学家。由于许多科学期刊价格昂贵，个人和图书馆越来越难以获取这些期刊，后者的经济越来越拮据。一些个人和组织已经解决了这些关切。1999年，美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)宣布了一项名为E-BIOMED的倡议，后来更名为PubMed Central(PMC)，它将提供一个科学研究论文储存库，可以在万维网上免费访问。这项提议遇到了很大的争议，特别是后来被放弃的那部分，它提议在同行审查之前增加一个论文储存库。经过相当多的辩论--以及NIH方面的一些缩减--PMC已经上线，目前有大约12种可用的期刊(WWW。PubMedCentral。Gov)。放宽后导致更多期刊加入PMC倡议的一项限制是，取消了文章必须实际放在PMC网站上的要求。现在，期刊出版商只需要提供PMC的链接，并将他们的论文保存在自己的网站上。一些人认为PMC模型是GenBank使用的方法的扩展，在这种方法中，来自基因组研究的数据被广泛获取。
There is a growing concern among scientists that research results are controlled by an increasingly small number of publishers who have great control over the marketplace. This monopoly, however, is indirectly supported by scientists themselves, who aim to publish in the most prestigious and wellcited journals and need those publications to obtain promotion and grant funding. A related concern is that governments fund most basic research, individual scientists perform it, and then reports of the results are handed over to publishers who assume the copyright and sell it back to those very governments and scientists. Because many scientific journals are costly, accessing them is increasingly beyond the reach of both individuals and libraries, the latter of whom are increasingly strapped financially. These concerns have been addressed by a number of individuals and organizations. In 1999, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced an initiative, E-Biomed, later renamed PubMed Central (PMC), which would provide a repository of scientific research papers that could be accessed free over the World Wide Web. The proposal met with much controversy, especially the part, later dropped, that proposed an additional repository of papers before peer review.After considerable debate—and some retrenching on the part of NIH—PMC has gone live and currently has about a dozen journals available (www. pubmedcentral. gov). One restriction whose relaxation has led to more journals joining the PMC initiative has been the abandonment of the requirement for articles to be physically located on the PMC site. Now journal publishers need only provide links to PMC and keep their papers on their own sites. Some view the PMC model as an extension of the approach used by GenBank, where data from genomics research are made widely accessible.