Phonological priming in auditory word recognition.
Phonological priming in auditory word recognition.
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听觉单词识别中的语音启动。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.13.1.64
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pisoni,DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Slowiaczek,LM;Nusbaum,HC;Pisoni,DB
由Marslen-Wilson和Welsh（1978）提出的队列理论认为，在单词识别过程的初始阶段，所有以特定声音序列开头的单词都会被激活，形成一个“队列”。我们在三个实验中使用了启动技术来测试关于队列激活的具体预测。在每个实验中，受试者以不同的信噪比识别嵌入在噪声中的目标单词。目标词要么是单独呈现的，要么之前有一个与目标词共享语音信息的启动词。在实验1中，启动词和目标词是单词开头共有0个、1个、2个、3个或所有音素的英语单词。在实验2中，非词启动在词目标之前，并且共享初始音素。在实验3中，词的启动词和词的目标词共享词尾的音素。在所有三个实验中都观察到可靠的语音启动证据。前两个实验的结果支持了队列理论中基于词首信息激活候选词汇的假设。然而，第三个实验的结果显示，正确识别与词尾相同音素的目标的可能性增加，这并不支持该理论的预测。研究结果在听觉词识别的当前模型和口语理解的最新方法方面进行了讨论。
Cohort theory, developed by Marslen-Wilson and Welsh (1978), proposes that a “cohort” of all the words beginning with a particular sound sequence will be activated during the initial stage of the word recognition process. We used a priming technique to test specific predictions regarding cohort activation in three experiments. In each experiment, subjects identified target words embedded in noise at different signal-to-noise ratios. The target words were either presented in isolation or preceded by a prime item that shared phonological information with the target. In Experiment 1, primes and targets were English words that shared zero, one, two, three, or all phonemes from the beginning of the word. In Experiment 2, nonword primes preceded word targets and shared initial phonemes. In Experiment 3, word primes and word targets shared phonemes from the end of a word. Evidence of reliable phonological priming was observed in all three experiments. The results of the first two experiments support the assumption of activation of lexical candidates based on word-initial information, as proposed in cohort theory. However, the results of the third experiment, which showed increased probability of correctly identifying targets that shared phonemes from the end of words, did not support the predictions derived from the theory. The findings are discussed in terms of current models of auditory word recognition and recent approaches to spoken-language understanding.