AN UNSTABLE INTERMEDIATE CARRYING INFORMATION FROM GENES TO RIBOSOMES FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
AN UNSTABLE INTERMEDIATE CARRYING INFORMATION FROM GENES TO RIBOSOMES FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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DOI：
10.1038/190576a0
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发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
JACOB, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRENNER, S;MESELSON, M;JACOB, F
大量的证据表明，蛋白质结构的遗传信息编码在脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）中，而氨基酸组装成蛋白质的实际过程发生在称为核糖体的细胞质核糖核蛋白颗粒中。蛋白质不是直接在基因上合成的，这一事实需要一个中间信息载体的存在。这种中间模板通常被认为是一种稳定的核糖核酸（RNA），更具体地说是核糖体的RNA。根据目前的观点，每个基因控制一种特殊核糖体的合成，核糖体反过来又指导相应蛋白质的合成，这一方案可以概括为一个基因一个核糖体一个蛋白质假说。然而，在过去的几年里，这个模型遇到了一些困难：（1）核糖体RNA的大小和核苷酸组成的显著同质性既不能反映多肽链的大小范围，也不能反映在不同细菌物种的DNA中观察到的核苷酸组成的变化。(2)细菌合成给定蛋白质的能力似乎无法在相应基因的完整性之外生存。(3)细菌中蛋白质合成的调节似乎是在基因合成信息中间体的水平上进行的，而不是在蛋白质合成的水平上进行的。
Alarge amount of evidence suggests that genetic information for protein structure is encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) while the actual assembling of amino-acids into proteins occurs in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. The fact that proteins are not synthesized directly on genes demands the existence of an intermediate information carrier. This intermediate template is generally assumed to be a stable ribonucleic acid (RNA) and more specifically the RNA of the ribosomes. According to the present view, each gene controls the synthesis of one kind of specialized ribosome, which in turn directs the synthesis of the corresponding protein-a scheme which could be epitomized as the one gen&--one ribosome-one protein hypothesis. In the past few years, however, this model has encountered some difficulties:(1)'The remarkable homogeneity in size1 and nucleotide composition• of the ribosomal RNA reflects neither the range of size of polypeptide chains nor the variation in the nucleotide composition observed in the DNA of different bacterial species•,•.(2) The capacity of bacteria to synthesize a given protein does not seem to survive beyond the integrity of the corresponding gene•.(3) Regulation of protein synthesis in bacteria seems to operate at the level of the synthesis of the information intermediate by the gene rather than at the level of the synthesis of the protein•.