Phenology and floral visitors of two sympatric Heliconia species in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Phenology and floral visitors of two sympatric Heliconia species in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
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DOI：
10.1016/j.flora.2005.12.001
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Van Sluys, Monique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
da Cruz, Denise Dias;Mello, Marco A. R.;Van Sluys, Monique
本研究的主要目的是测试，如果两个同域种的蝎尾蕉，蝎尾蕉spathocircinata和蝎尾蕉laneana变种。flava，在它们的繁殖季节和花访客的公会不同。2001年2月至2003年1月期间，每月进行24次抽样。H. spathocircinata和H.拉内阿纳湾在4000 × 4英寸的横切面内标记黄条。记录生殖物候期（开花、未成熟和成熟果实），并使用圆形统计来检验物候期的规律性和频率。花游客观察到在两个开花期为每个物种。这两个物种都有明确且同步的生殖期，有少量重叠，表明存在顺序开花模式。生物和非生物因素似乎影响这两个物种的物候期。然而，植物标本资料表明，开花期在H。spathocircinata的变异小于H.尽管它的地理分布范围更广，但它的分布范围更广。蜂鸟Phaethornis idaliae是这两个Heliconia物种研究的主要花访客。H.另一种蜂鸟，硬毛灰蝶和鳞翅目也合法地拜访了laneana。一些鳞翅目昆虫，特别是刺足三角蜂，是非法的访客（“花蜜强盗”）。我们认为H. spathocircinata允许更广泛的游客，因为它更大。(c)2006年Elsevier GmbH。All rights reserved.
The main goal of the present study was to test if two sympatric species of Heliconia, Heliconia spathocircinata and Heliconia laneana var. flava, differ in their reproductive seasons and guilds of flower visitors. Twenty-four sampling sessions were conducted monthly between February 2001 and January 2003. Individuals of H. spathocircinata and of H. laneana var. flava were tagged within a transect of 4000 x 4 in. Reproductive phenophases (flowering, unripe, and ripe fruits) were recorded, and circular statistics were used to test for the regularity and frequency of phenophases. Flower visitors were observed during two flowering periods for each species. Both species had well-defined and synchronous reproductive periods, with a small overlap, suggesting a sequential flowering model. Biotic and abiotic factors seem to affect phenophases of both species. However, herbarium data suggest that the flowering period in H. spathocircinata varies less than in H. laneana, despite its wider geographic distribution. The hummingbird Phaethornis idaliae was the main floral visitor of both Heliconia species studied. H. laneana was also legitimately visited by another hummingbird species, Glaucis hirsuta, and by Lepidoptera. Some Lepidoptera, particularly the bee Trigona spinipes, were illegitimate visitors ('nectar robbers'). We suggest that the flower of H. spathocircinata allowed a wider array of visitors, because it is bigger. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.