Spatial Organisation of ‘Therapeutic’ Spaces for Autistic Children in Special Schools: Lessons Learnt from the United Kingdom Experience
Spatial Organisation of ‘Therapeutic’ Spaces for Autistic Children in Special Schools: Lessons Learnt from the United Kingdom Experience
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特殊学校自闭症儿童“治疗”空间的空间组织：英国经验教训
DOI：
10.1080/13467581.2022.2047982
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaname Yanagiawa & Shinko Sasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reiko Shimokura;Kaname Yanagiawa & Shinko Sasaki
随着自闭症个体独特的文化和特征越来越多地被揭示出来，在学校为自闭症谱系障碍儿童提供平静的环境是世界上的一个共同问题。然而，在日本，没有建筑指南提供具体的信息，以开发自闭症友好空间的特殊学校。因此，提供“治疗”空间，如平静的房间，软游戏室，感官室或露台是落后的。我们在英国的六所特殊学校进行了实地调查，作为示范案例。我们分析了：1）治疗空间的类型和功能，2）教室周围治疗空间的配置。因此，我们根据适合不同年龄组的教室确定了治疗空间的空间组织。在托儿所区，从教室直接进入的专用游乐场需求量很大。在小学区，教室旁边的小露台和附近的安静房间在维护孩子们的健康方面发挥着作用。在中学或高中地区，随着学生变得更加独立，其设置越来越类似于主流学校，而不是特殊学校。这些研究结果表明，通过治疗空间的空间组织来支持个人和不同年龄组的重要性。
Providing calming environments for children with autism spectrum disorders in schools is a common issue in the world as the unique cultures and characteristics of autistic individuals are increasingly revealed. However, in Japan, no architectural guidelines provide specific information to develop autistic friendly spaces in special schools. Consequently, the provision of “therapeutic” spaces such as calm rooms, soft play rooms, sensory rooms or terraces is lagging behind. We conducted field surveys at six special schools in the UK as model cases. We analysed: 1) the types and functions of therapeutic spaces, and 2) the configuration of therapeutic spaces around a classroom. As a result, we identified the spatial organisation of therapeutic spaces based on a classroom suitable for different age groups. In nursery areas, dedicated playgrounds with direct access from classrooms are in high demand. In primary areas, small terraces next to classrooms and calm rooms nearby play a role in maintaining the children’s well-being. In secondary or high school areas, the settings are becoming more similar to mainstream than to special schools as the students become more independent. These findings suggest the importance of supporting individuals and different age groups through the spatial organisation of therapeutic spaces.