Ocean acidification locks algal communities in a species‐poor early successional stage
Ocean acidification locks algal communities in a species‐poor early successional stage
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15455
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Ben P. Harvey;K. Kon;S. Agostini;S. Wada;J. Hall‐Spencer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ben P. Harvey;K. Kon;S. Agostini;S. Wada;J. Hall‐Spencer
长期暴露于富含二氧化碳的水域可以极大地改变海洋生物群落的发展，通常会导致以草皮藻为主的简化系统，其生物多样性减少，生态复杂性低。目前对海洋酸化改变生物群落发展和稳定性的基本过程的理解仍然有限，这使得对这种变化的管理成为问题。在这里，我们在日本的火山二氧化碳渗漏处在参考条件（pHT 8.137 ± 0.056 SD）和富含二氧化碳的条件（pHT 7.788 ± 0.105 SD）中部署了补充瓷砖，以评估藻类群落发展的基本过程和模式。我们评估了 (i) 两个不同季节的藻类群落演替（较冷的月份：1 月至 7 月，较温暖的月份：7 月至 1 月），(ii) 初始群落组成对后续群落演替的影响（通过将预先建立的群落再移植 6 个月），以及 (iii) 所得群落的群落生产，以评估其功能如何改变（12 个月招募后）。在二氧化碳富集的情况下，聚落瓦片以草皮藻类为主，生物量、多样性和复杂性较低，这种模式在各个季节都是一致的。这将群落锁定在物种匮乏的早期演替阶段。就群落功能而言，pCO2 升高的群落具有更大的群落净产量，但这并没有导致藻类群落覆盖度、生物量、生物多样性或结构复杂性的增加。总而言之，这表明新社区和已建成社区都因二氧化碳水平的上升而变得简单。我们将预先建立的群落从富含二氧化碳的环境移植到参考条件下，证明了它们的高弹性，因为它们与完全保持在参考条件下的群落无法区分。这表明，有意义地降低 pCO2 可以使藻类群落恢复。通过了解导致群落组成变化的生态过程，我们可以更好地评估海洋酸化可能如何改变群落。
Long‐term exposure to CO2‐enriched waters can considerably alter marine biological community development, often resulting in simplified systems dominated by turf algae that possess reduced biodiversity and low ecological complexity. Current understanding of the underlying processes by which ocean acidification alters biological community development and stability remains limited, making the management of such shifts problematic. Here, we deployed recruitment tiles in reference (pHT 8.137 ± 0.056 SD) and CO2‐enriched conditions (pHT 7.788 ± 0.105 SD) at a volcanic CO2 seep in Japan to assess the underlying processes and patterns of algal community development. We assessed (i) algal community succession in two different seasons (Cooler months: January–July, and warmer months: July–January), (ii) the effects of initial community composition on subsequent community succession (by reciprocally transplanting preestablished communities for a further 6 months), and (iii) the community production of resulting communities, to assess how their functioning was altered (following 12 months recruitment). Settlement tiles became dominated by turf algae under CO2‐enrichment and had lower biomass, diversity and complexity, a pattern consistent across seasons. This locked the community in a species‐poor early successional stage. In terms of community functioning, the elevated pCO2 community had greater net community production, but this did not result in increased algal community cover, biomass, biodiversity or structural complexity. Taken together, this shows that both new and established communities become simplified by rising CO2 levels. Our transplant of preestablished communities from enriched CO2 to reference conditions demonstrated their high resilience, since they became indistinguishable from communities maintained entirely in reference conditions. This shows that meaningful reductions in pCO2 can enable the recovery of algal communities. By understanding the ecological processes responsible for driving shifts in community composition, we can better assess how communities are likely to be altered by ocean acidification.