Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
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DOI：
10.1016/s1550-8579(07)80056-8
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mahmoodzadeh, Shokufeh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera;Lehmkuhl, Elke;Mahmoodzadeh, Shokufeh
背景资料：腹型肥胖、血糖稳态紊乱、血脂异常和高血压等危险因素的相互作用被认为代表了一个独特的实体，称为代谢综合征（MetS），其导致心血管风险的增加大于其组成部分的总和。目的：我们回顾了目前可用的关于MetS作为心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的作用的性别差异的信息。使用检索词女性、男性;性别、性别、性别差异和性别差异结合代谢综合征，我们对MetS中性别差异的现有文献进行了系统综述。回顾性检索了2007年至1987年的美国国立卫生研究院、PubMed和MEDLINE数据库。已识别文章的参考文献列表也被用作来源，并且文章不限于英语。结果：近年来，MetS在男性中比女性更普遍，但在年轻女性中尤其明显，主要是肥胖。代谢综合征的诊断标准因性别而异，其组成部分的分界点和定义各不相同。根据糖稳态受损的定义和病理性腹围或腰臀比，纳入或多或少的女性。葡萄糖和脂质代谢直接受雌激素和睾酮调节，雌激素缺乏或睾酮相对增加诱导胰岛素抵抗和促动脉粥样硬化脂质谱。高血压对男女都是一个很大的危险因素，但老年妇女高血压患病率的增加比男子快。绝经和多囊卵巢综合征通过性激素的直接作用促进代谢综合征的发生。一些组成部分的代谢综合征（如糖尿病和高血压）进行了更大的风险CVD在women.Conclusions：未来的性别相关的临床和研究活动应侧重于识别的性别和性别特异性标准的风险管理患者的代谢综合征。我们建议在糖尿病和衰老的动物模型中对性别特异性替代终点和性别特异性研究进行小型的、集中的、机制性研究。(Gend 2007;4[Suppl BJ：S162-S177）版权所有（c）2007 Excerpta Medica，Inc.
Background: The interaction of the risk factors of abdominal obesity, disturbed glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is believed to represent a distinct entity, termed the metabolic syndrome (MetS), that leads to a greater increase in cardiovascular risk than does the sum of its components.Objective: We reviewed currently available information regarding gender differences in the role of the MetS as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: Using the search terms women, men; sex, gender, sex differences, and gender differences in combination with the metabolic syndrome, we conducted a systematic review of the available literature on sex differences in the MetS. The National Institutes of Health, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched retrospectively from 2007 to 1987. Reference lists of identified articles were also used as a source, and articles were not restricted to the English language.Results: In recent years, the MetS has been more prevalent in men than in women but has risen particularly in young women, where it is mainly driven by obesity. Diagnostic criteria for the MetS vary for the cutoff points and definition of its components in a gender-specific manner. Based on the definition of impaired glucose homeostasis and pathologic abdominal circumference or waist/ hip ratio, more or fewer women are included. Glucose and lipid metabolism are directly modulated by estrogen and testosterone, with a lack of estrogen or a relative increase in testosterone inducing insulin resistance and a proatherogenic lipid profile. Hypertension is a strong risk factor in both sexes, but the prevalence of hypertension increases more rapidly in aging women than in men. Menopause and polycystic ovary syndrome contribute to the development of MetS by the direct effects of sex hormones. Some components of the MetS (eg, diabetes and hypertension) carry a greater risk for CVD in women.Conclusions: Future gender-related clinical and research activities should focus on the identification of sex- and gender-specific criteria for risk management in patients with the MetS. We propose small, focused, mechanistic studies on sex-specific surrogate end points and sex-specific studies in animal models for diabetes and aging. (Gend Med. 2007;4[Suppl BJ:S162-S177) Copyright (c) 2007 Excerpta Medica, Inc.