Understanding the Relationships between Gender Inequitable Behaviours, Childhood Trauma and Socio-Economic Status in Single and Multiple Perpetrator Rape in Rural South Africa: Structural Equation Modelling
Understanding the Relationships between Gender Inequitable Behaviours, Childhood Trauma and Socio-Economic Status in Single and Multiple Perpetrator Rape in Rural South Africa: Structural Equation Modelling
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0154903
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发表时间：
2016-05-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dunkle, Kristin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jewkes, Rachel;Nduna, Mzikazi;Dunkle, Kristin
背景防止强奸行为的干预措施必须设计成解决其驱动因素。本文旨在加深对单一和多名强奸犯(这里分别称为SPR和MPR)的驱动因素的理解，以及社会经济地位、童年创伤、同伴压力、其他男性行为和强奸之间的关系。方法在东开普省农村地区对1370名年龄在15岁至26岁之间的年轻男性进行了随机对照试验评估。我们使用多项式比较了在基线水平上报告强奸行为的男性的特征。结果76.1%的青年男性从未实施过强奸，10.0%的青年男性犯过SPR，13.9%的青年男性犯过MPR。与MPR和SPR(与从未被强奸相比)相关的因素是社会经济状况指标(SES)、童年创伤、女性性胁迫、吸毒和酗酒、同伴压力易感性、有过交易性行为、多个性伴侣以及对伴侣实施身体暴力。扫描电子显微镜显示，SES和强奸行为之间的关系是通过性别不平等的男性气概来中介的。这是复杂的，因为存在一条直接路径，表明SES与男性变量直接相关，使得SES较高的男性具有更多的性别不公平男性，而通过同伴压力抵抗中介的间接路径表明，只要男性缺乏同伴压力抵抗，前者就存在。对于一些男性来说，拥有更高的SES会传递出更大的阻力。此外，还有一条通过童年创伤进行调节的途径，即SES较低的男性更有可能有更高的童年创伤暴露，这与性别不平等男子气概的可能性更高相关(有或没有同伴压力抵抗的中介效应)。防止强奸行为必须侧重于改变男子的性别理想、权利和不公平做法。减少贫困和不利的童年经历也应该是有益的。
BackgroundInterventions to prevent rape perpetration must be designed to address its drivers. This paper seeks to extend understanding of drivers of single and multiple perpetrator rape (referred to here as SPR and MPR respectively) and the relationships between socio-economic status, childhood trauma, peer pressure, other masculine behaviours and rape.Method1370 young men aged 15 to 26 were interviewed as part of the randomised controlled trial evaluation of Stepping Stones in the rural Eastern Cape. We used multinomial to compare the characteristics of men who reported rape perpetration at baseline. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine pathways to rape perpetration.Results76.1% of young men had never raped, 10.0% had perpetrated SPR and 13.9% MPR. The factors associated with both MPR and SPR (compared to never having raped) were indicators of socio-economic status (SES), childhood trauma, sexual coercion by a woman, drug and alcohol use, peer pressure susceptibility, having had transactional sex, multiple sexual partners and being physically violent towards a partner. The SEM showed the relationship between SES and rape perpetration to be mediated by gender inequitable masculinity. It was complex as there was a direct path indicating that SES correlated with the masculinity variable directly such that men of higher SES had more gender inequitable masculinities, and indirect path mediated by peer pressure resistance indicated that the former pertained so long as men lacked peer pressure resistance. Having a higher SES conveyed greater resistance for some men. There was also a path mediated through childhood trauma, such that men of lower SES were more likely to have a higher childhood trauma exposure and this correlated with a higher likelihood of having the gender inequitable masculinity ( with or without the mediating effect of peer pressure resistance).DiscussionBoth higher and lower socio-economic status were associated with raping. Prevention of rape perpetration must focus on changing men's gender ideals, entitlements and inequitable practices. Reducing poverty and adverse childhood experiences should also be of benefit.