Is privatization through education vouchers really the answer? A comment on the West
Is privatization through education vouchers really the answer? A comment on the West
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通过教育券私有化真的是答案吗？
DOI：
10.1093/wbro/12.1.105
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
M. Carnoy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Carnoy
政府资助的教育券承诺改善消费者的选择，同时仍为家庭提供所需的公共资金，使其能够充分投资于子女的教育。但在政治上和实践中，教育券提供的选择可能意味着很多事情，从取消社区居住作为上公立学校的条件，到允许家长和教师组成自己的公立学校（例如美国的特许学校）。它可能意味着一个教育系统，部分是公共资助的，但这是私人拥有和运作，没有公共监管。通过代金券提供的选择也可能产生不良的副作用，抵消其乐观的承诺。在此背景下，E. G.韦斯特提出了一个关于代金券的特殊版本。虽然他允许一系列的可能性，他把主要重点放在教育的私有化。这种选择的版本必须与限制增加公立学校选择的版本以及使用代金券改善穷人教育的版本区分开来。这三种观点的侧重点不同，主要在于它们所争论的是不同程度选择的社会效益和成本。虽然韦斯特提出的案例可能在抽象层面上有吸引力，但报告认为，支持它的证据充其量是好坏参半，而且可能是负面的。
Government-financed school vouchers promise to improve consumer choice while still providing the public funding needed for families to invest adequately in their children's education. But politically and in practice, the choice that vouchers offer can mean many things, from eliminating neighborhood residency as a condition for attending a public school to allowing groups of parents and teachers to form their own public schools (charter schools in the United States, for example). And it can mean an educational system that is in part publicly funded but that is privately owned and operated with no public regulation. Choice through vouchers can also produce undesirable side effects that more than offset their optimistic promises. In this context, E. G. West presents a particular version of the case for vouchers. Although he allows for a range of possibilities, he puts primary emphasis on the privatization of education. This version of choice has to be distinguished from one that limits increased choice to public schools and from the use of vouchers to improve education for the poor. The three emphases are different, mainly in what they contend are the social benefits and costs of various degrees of choice. Whereas the case presented by West may appeal at an abstract level, the report argues that the evidence supporting it is at best mixed and possibly negative.