International migration experience and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mexico
International migration experience and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Mexico
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国际移民经验和创业精神：来自墨西哥的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105077
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Wassink, Joshua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wassink, Joshua
本研究探讨国际移民经验对输出地区创业的影响。为了确定创造就业机会和促进经济发展的繁荣企业，本研究将非家庭雇员的街头贩卖企业隔离开来。来自墨西哥移民项目的回顾性生活史数据（N = 11，789人和146，372人-年）用于估计1975年至2017年期间170个墨西哥社区成为企业家的年概率。这项研究发现，（1）任何先前的移民经验增加了创业入境的概率相对于非移民;（2）积累的几个月的移民经验与创业入境的概率呈正相关;（3）无证状态与创业入境的概率较低。积累的移徙经验对创业的积极影响表明，国际移徙者可以积累对早期创业至关重要的人力和财政资源。因此，创业是国际移徙能够鼓励欠发达区域经济发展的一条重要途径。与此同时，结果表明，接受国的移民政策可能削弱移民在返回后调动资源和促进经济发展的能力。这些发现表明，目标移民通过解决接收国的劳动力短缺问题，同时将资源转移到能够实现经济流动和发展的输出地区，从而实现双赢。
This study investigates the effect of international migration experience on entrepreneurship in sending areas. To identify prosperous businesses that create jobs and encourage economic development, this study isolates businesses other than street-vending enterprises with non-family employees. Retrospective life history data from the Mexican Migration Project (N = 11,789 persons & 146,372 person-years) was used to estimate the annual probability of becoming an entrepreneur across 170 Mexican communities between 1975 and 2017. This study found that (1) any prior migration experience increases the probability of entrepreneurial entry relative to non-migrants; (2) accumulated months of migration experience are positively associated with the probability of entrepreneurial entry; (3) undocumented status is associated with a lower probability of entrepreneurial entry. The positive effect of accumulated migration experience on entrepreneurship suggests that international migrants can accumulate human and financial resources that are essential to early stage entrepreneurship. Thus, entrepreneurship represents an important pathway through which international migration can encourage economic development in less developed regions. At the same time, the results suggest that that immigration policies in receiving countries can undercut migrants’ capacities to mobilize resources and contribute to economic development upon return. These findings suggest that target migration creates a win–win by addressing labor shortages in receiving countries, while transferring resources to sending areas that enable economic mobility and development.