SOLAR SOURCE AND HELIOSPHERIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE 2010 APRIL 3 CORONAL MASS EJECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW
SOLAR SOURCE AND HELIOSPHERIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE 2010 APRIL 3 CORONAL MASS EJECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/734/2/84
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发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Liu;J. Luhmann;S. Bale;R. Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Liu;J. Luhmann;S. Bale;R. Lin
我们研究了2010年4月3日日冕物质抛射(CME)在太阳-地球连接框架内的太阳源和日球层后果。CME伴随着B7.4长时间耀斑、戏剧性的日冕变暗和EUV波。它造成了重大的日球层后果和空间气象影响，例如射电爆发、一个突出的冲击波、自2006年12月13日日冕物质抛射以来最大/最快的星际日冕物质抛射、第24太阳周期中的第一次渐变太阳高能粒子事件、以及导致Galaxy 15卫星崩溃的长期地球磁暴。这一事件，连同随后几个强烈的太阳活动时期，预示着太阳从漫长的极小期中觉醒。CME EUV环路在耀斑脉冲阶段前至少10分钟开始上升。相关的日冕波形成了围绕CME的包络，CME是一种只能用压力波解释的大规模三维结构。CME及其之前的激波几乎覆盖了整个太阳-地球空间，由A和B立体声设备拍摄。利用几何三角剖分技术得到了CME在黄道面上的运动学，它是0.75AU范围内距离的函数。日冕物质抛射的传播方向在日地线附近，速度先增大到S−1,000-1 100公里，然后减小到约800公里S−1。预报的到达时间和到达地球的速度都得到了现场测量的很好证实。由三个相距较远的航天器观测到的渐变SEP事件显示的时间分布比SEP事件日经分布的标准概念图所显示的时间分布要复杂得多。可能需要不断演变的激波性质、观察者和激波源之间真实的时间依赖关系以及粒子垂直扩散的可能作用来解释这种SEP事件的空间分布。
We study the solar source and heliospheric consequences of the 2010 April 3 coronal mass ejection (CME) in the frame of the Sun–Earth connection using observations from a fleet of spacecraft. The CME is accompanied by a B7.4 long-duration flare, dramatic coronal dimming, and EUV waves. It causes significant heliospheric consequences and space weather effects such as radio bursts, a prominent shock wave, the largest/fastest interplanetary CME at 1 AU since the 2006 December 13 CME, the first gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events in solar cycle 24, and a prolonged geomagnetic storm resulting in a breakdown of the Galaxy 15 satellite. This event, together with several following periods of intense solar activities, indicates awakening of the Sun from a long minimum. The CME EUV loop begins to rise at least 10 minutes before the flare impulsive phase. The associated coronal wave forms an envelope around the CME, a large-scale three-dimensional structure that can only be explained by a pressure wave. The CME and its preceding shock are imaged by both STEREO A and B almost throughout the whole Sun–Earth space. CME kinematics in the ecliptic plane are obtained as a function of distance out to 0.75 AU by a geometric triangulation technique. The CME has a propagation direction near the Sun–Earth line and a speed that first increases to 1000–1100 km s−1 and then decreases to about 800 km s−1. Both the predicted arrival time and speed at the Earth are well confirmed by the in situ measurements. The gradual SEP events observed by three widely separated spacecraft show time profiles much more complicated than suggested by the standard conceptual picture of SEP event heliolongitude distribution. Evolving shock properties, the realistic time-dependent connection between the observer and shock source, and a possible role of particle perpendicular diffusion may be needed to interpret this SEP event spatial distribution.