Impacts of roads and hunting on central African rainforest mammals
Impacts of roads and hunting on central African rainforest mammals
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00420.x
复制
发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Ondzeano, Claude
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laurance, William F.;Croes, Barbara M.;Ondzeano, Claude
道路扩建和随之而来的狩猎压力的增加对非洲热带野生动物构成了迅速增长的威胁。在加蓬南部的热带雨林中，我们比较了距离森林道路不同距离的大型（> 1公斤）哺乳动物物种的丰度，以及狩猎和未狩猎的处理（比较了130公里（2）的石油特许权，几乎完全保护免受狩猎与特许权以外的附近地区，有适度的狩猎压力）。在每一个12个研究地点，平均分为狩猎和unhunted地区，我们建立了标准化的1公里的横断面在五个距离（50，300，600，900，1200米）从未铺砌的道路，然后在2004年干湿季节反复调查哺乳动物。狩猎对小羚羊的影响最大，森林布法罗（Syncerus caffer nanus）和红河沼泽（Potamochoerus porcus）的数量在石油特许区以外减少，对低地大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla）和食肉动物的影响较小。道路抑制了大量的小羚羊，西塔通加斯（Tragelaphus spekei gratus）和森林大象（Loxondonta africana cyclotis），避免道路比特许权内更强。五种猴子对道路或狩猎的反应不大，而一些啮齿动物和穿山甲在特许经营区外大量增加，可能是为了应对更大的森林干扰。我们的研究结果表明，即使是适度的狩猎压力也可以显着改变中非哺乳动物群落的结构。道路对大型和小型有蹄类动物的影响最大，避免道路的程度随着当地彩旗的压力而增加。
Road expansion and associated increases in hunting pressure are a rapidly growing threat to African tropical wildlife. In the rainforests of southern Gabon, we compared abundances of larger (> 1 kg) mammal species at varying distances from forest roads and between hunted and unhunted treatments (comparing a 130-km(2) oil concession that was almost entirely protected from hunting with nearby areas outside the concession that had moderate hunting pressure). At each of 12 study sites that were evenly divided between hunted and unhunted areas, we established standardized 1-km transects at five distances (50, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 m) from an unpaved road, and then repeatedly surveyed mammals during the 2004 dry and wet seasons. Hunting had the greatest impact on duikers (Cephalophus spp.), forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and red river bogs (Potamochoerus porcus), which declined in abundance outside the oil concession, and lesser effects on lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and carnivores. Roads depressed abundances of duikers, sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei gratus), and forest elephants (Loxondonta africana cyclotis), with avoidance of roads being stronger outside than inside the concession. Five monkey species showed little response to roads or hunting, whereas some rodents and pangolins increased in abundance outside the concession, possibly in response to greater forest disturbance. Our findings suggest that even moderate hunting pressure can markedly alter the structure of mammal communities in central Africa. Roads had the greatest impacts on large and small ungulates, with the magnitude of road avoidance increasing with local bunting pressure.