The Foundations of Deliberative Democracy: Empirical Research and Normative Implications
The Foundations of Deliberative Democracy: Empirical Research and Normative Implications
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协商民主的基础：实证研究和规范含义
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
J. Steiner
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作者：
J. Steiner
随着协商民主理论在 20 世纪 80 年代末和 90 年代的发展，大部分焦点都集中在其规范基础上。然而，在过去的十年里，人们更加关注实践和制度化，并伴随着大量关于协商民主的经验证据。因此，现在有必要根据这些经验证据回到这些规范性辩论。 Jürg Steiner 的书旨在通过关注“审议的规范性和经验性方面之间的相互作用”来为这一努力做出贡献 (1)。在实现这一目标的过程中，他承认自己不是一名专业哲学家，而是以一名经验主义者的身份，从一个积极参与的公民的角度进行写作。引言中几乎没有提到与协商民主有关的新内容或创新内容。主要阐述了斯坦纳本书的核心目标和他的立场。对于施泰纳来说，可行的民主包括竞争性选举、战略谈判、集体投票以及与协商相结合的街头抗议。因此，协商民主并不是斯坦纳的替代模式，而是一种可以在代议制民主中发挥作用的模式。在引言中，斯坦纳与迈克尔·内布洛和西蒙·尼迈耶等其他协商民主人士联系起来，指出协商民主已经成熟，使得理论模型可以进行实证研究（Bohman 1998）。因此，他在整本书中都采取了经验主义立场。斯坦纳认为，这本书将展示“实证研究如何激发对规范价值观的反思”(2)。这本质上就是这本书所做的。与斯坦纳的观点一致，他坚持认为深思熟虑的理想与将这些理想付诸实践之间始终存在着紧张关系。这是本书的核心。
As the theory of deliberative democracy developed in the late-1980s and 1990s much of the focus was on its normative foundations. However, for the last decade there has been a greater focus on practice and institutionalization, accompanied by a wealth of empirical evidence on deliberative democracy. Therefore, there is now a need to return to these normative debates in light of this empirical evidence. Jürg Steiner’s book aims to contribute to this endeavour by concentrating on the “interplay between normative and empirical aspects of deliberation” (1). In undertaking this goal he acknowledges that he is not a professional philosopher, but rather writing as an empiricist taking the perspective of an engaged citizen. The introduction says very little that is new or innovative in relation to deliberative democracy. It mainly sets out Steiner’s core aims of the book and his position. For Steiner a viable democracy includes competitive elections, strategic bargaining, aggregative voting, and street protests combined with deliberation. Deliberative democracy is, therefore, not an alternative model for Steiner but one which can work within representative democracy. In the introduction Steiner relates to other deliberative democrats, such as Michael Neblo and Simon Niemeyer, by noting that deliberative democracy has come of age enabling the theoretical model to be empirically investigated (Bohman 1998). Hence the empirical stance he takes throughout the book. Steiner argues that the book will show how “empirical research can provoke reflection on normative values” (2). This is in essence what the book does. In agreement with Steiner, he insists that there is always a tension between deliberative ideals and putting these ideals into practice; this is core to the book.