Roles of maternal effects in maintaining genetic variation: Maternal storage effect.
Roles of maternal effects in maintaining genetic variation: Maternal storage effect.
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母体效应在维持遗传变异中的作用：母体储存效应。
DOI：
10.1111/evo.13118
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Masato Yamamichi and Masaki Hoso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
友渕直人;Nazifa Naziha bt. Razali;照屋清之介;佐々木猛智;渡辺勝敏;Masato Yamamichi and Masaki Hoso
理解遗传变异的维持仍然是进化生物学的核心挑战。最近的实证研究表明，随着时间的变化选择的重要性，等位基因频率已被发现在野外大幅波动。然而，先前的理论表明，在时间波动选择下维持遗传变异的条件是相当严格的。利用数学模型，我们证明了母体遗传效应，即母体基因型影响后代表型，可以促进在随时间变化的环境中维持多态性。母体效应导致基因型和表型之间的错配，从而缓冲选择对等位基因频率的影响。这降低了等位基因频率波动的幅度，并在选择引起波动时为维持变异创造了条件。因此，母体效应可能导致暂时储存效应（“母体储存效应”）。另一方面，当选择不引起波动时（例如，线性负频率依赖选择），母体遗传效应缓和选择的相对重要性相比，遗传漂变，并促进随机等位基因灭绝有限的人口。因此，母体效应在多态性的维持中起着重要的作用，但作用的方向取决于选择的性质。
Understanding the maintenance of genetic variation remains a central challenge in evolutionary biology. Recent empirical studies suggest the importance of temporally varying selection, as allele frequencies have been found to fluctuate substantially in the wild. However, previous theory suggests that the conditions for the maintenance of genetic variation under temporally fluctuating selection are quite restrictive. Using mathematical models, we demonstrate that maternal genetic effects, whereby maternal genotypes affect offspring phenotypes, can facilitate the maintenance of polymorphism in temporally varying environments. Maternal effects result in mismatches between genotypes and phenotypes, thereby buffering the influence of selection on allele frequency. This decreases the magnitude of allele-frequency fluctuations and creates conditions for the maintenance of variation when selection causes fluctuations. Therefore, maternal effects may result in a temporal storage effect (“maternal storage effect”). On the other hand, when selection does not cause fluctuations (e.g., linear negative frequency-dependent selection), maternal genetic effects moderate the relative importance of selection compared to genetic drift and promote stochastic allele extinction in finite populations. Thus, maternal effects can play an important role in the maintenance of polymorphism, but the direction of the effect depends on the nature of selection.