Effects of altered loading states on muscle plasticity: what have we learned from rodents?
Effects of altered loading states on muscle plasticity: what have we learned from rodents?
复制标题
改变负荷状态对肌肉可塑性的影响：我们从啮齿动物身上学到了什么？
DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199610000-00042
复制
发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Baldwin,KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldwin,KM
本文总结了有关啮齿动物肌肉适应性改变负荷状态的主要发现。当肌肉上的机械应力长期增加时，肌肉通过使其纤维肥大来适应。这种反应受到过程的调节，导致收缩蛋白表达反映较慢的表型，从而使肌肉能够更好地支持负荷听觉活动。相反，减少负重活动会引起相反的反应，即用于抗重力功能和运动的肌肉萎缩，同时将一些缓慢的纤维转化为更快的收缩表型。伴随着萎缩的是发电和活动维持能力的降低。这些适应性过程受转录和翻译过程的调节。现有的证据进一步表明，重抵抗活动和激素/生长因子（胰岛素样生长因子、生长激素、糖皮质激素等）的相互作用，是维持肌肉质量和功能的关键。此外，与耐力跑等其他活动相比，阻力训练提供了一种更经济的应激形式，因为在慢性失重状态下维持肌肉稳态所需的机械活动较少。
This paper summarizes the key findings concerning the adaptive properties of rodent muscle in response to altered loading states. When the mechanical stress on the muscle is chronically increased, the muscle adapts by hypertrophying its fibers. This response is regulated by processes resulting in contractile protein expression reflecting slower phenotypes, thereby enabling the muscle to better support load-hearing activity. In contrast, reducing the load-bearing activity induces an opposite response whereby muscles used for both antigravity function and locomotion atrophy while transforming some of the slow fibers into faster contractile phenotypes. Accompanying the atrophy is both a reduced power generating and activity sustaining capability. These adaptive processes are regulated by both transcriptional and translational processes. Available evidence further suggests that the interaction of heavy resistance activity and hormonal/growth factors (insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, etc.) are critical in the maintenance of muscle mass and function. Also resistance training, in contrast to other activities such as endurance running, provides a more economical form of stress because less mechanical activity is required to maintain muscle homeostasis in the context of chronic states of weightlessness.