Self-Injury
Self-Injury
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nock, Matthew K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nock, Matthew K.
几千年来，人们一直在从事自我伤害，定义为在没有自杀意图的情况下直接和故意的身体伤害;然而，对这种行为的系统研究一直缺乏。最近关于自伤的理论和实证研究极大地促进了对这种令人困惑的行为的理解。自伤在青少年和年轻人中最普遍，通常涉及切割或雕刻皮肤，并且在全国范围内具有一致的表现。行为、生理和自我报告数据表明，行为既有自我功能（即，减少厌恶的情感/认知状态或增加期望的状态）和人际功能（即，增加社会支持或消除不受欢迎的社会需求）。目前没有基于证据的心理或药物治疗自伤。本文综述了自我伤害的发展和维持的综合理论模型，综合了以往的实证研究结果，并提出了几个可检验的假设，为今后的研究。
People have engaged in self-injury defined as direct and deliberate bodily harm in the absence of suicidal intent-for thousands of years; however, systematic research on this behavior has been lacking. Recent theoretical and empirical work on self-injury has significantly advanced the understanding of this perplexing behavior. Self-injury is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults, typically involves cutting or carving the skin, and has a consistent presentation cross-nationally. Behavioral, physiological, and self-report data suggest that the behavior serves both an intrapersonal function (i.e., decreases aversive affective/cognitive states or increases desired states) and an interpersonal function (i.e., increases social support or removes undesired social demands). There currently are no evidence-based psychological or pharmacological treatments for self-injury. This review presents an integrated theoretical model of the development and maintenance of self-injury that synthesizes prior empirical findings and proposes several testable hypotheses for future research.