The development and modelling of devices and paradigms for transcranial magnetic stimulation.
The development and modelling of devices and paradigms for transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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DOI：
10.1080/09540261.2017.1305949
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Deng ZD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goetz SM;Deng ZD
磁刺激是一种非侵入性的神经刺激技术，它可以通过感应电场激发动作电位，调节神经回路。磁刺激的生物物理模型已经成为技术发展和理解磁神经刺激和神经调节机制的主要驱动力。主要的技术发展涉及具有不同空间特性的刺激线圈和控制脉冲波形的脉冲源。虽然早期的技术发展是手工设计和发明过程的结果，但在刺激线圈和脉冲源设计中，有一种趋势是在计算模型的帮助下对参数进行数学优化。迄今为止，宏观上高度逼真的大脑空间模型以及外围目标，以及用户友好的软件包使研究人员和从业人员能够模拟个体受试者和患者大脑中的治疗特异性和感应电场分布。神经元模型进一步引入微观层面的神经激活，以了解响应不同脉冲形状的激活动力学的影响。最近，许多用于在线校准以从神经系统中提取隐藏信息和生物标志物的模型形成了建模的第三个分支。
Magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique that can evoke action potentials and modulate neural circuits through induced electric fields. Biophysical models of magnetic stimulation have become a major driver for technological developments and the understanding of the mechanisms of magnetic neurostimulation and neuromodulation. Major technological developments involve stimulation coils with different spatial characteristics and pulse sources to control the pulse waveform. While early technological developments were the result of manual design and invention processes, there is a trend in both stimulation coil and pulse source design to mathematically optimize parameters with the help of computational models. To date, macroscopically highly realistic spatial models of the brain as well as peripheral targets, and user-friendly software packages enable researchers and practitioners to simulate the treatment-specific and induced electric field distribution in the brains of individual subjects and patients. Neuron models further introduce the microscopic level of neural activation to understand the influence of activation dynamics in response to different pulse shapes. A number of models that were designed for online calibration to extract otherwise covert information and biomarkers from the neural system recently form a third branch of modeling.