Biotechnology in Africa: Emergence, Initiatives and Future
Biotechnology in Africa: Emergence, Initiatives and Future
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非洲生物技术：兴起、倡议和未来
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Daniel Kamanga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Wambugu;Daniel Kamanga
自1996年以来，转基因作物或生物技术作物已在发展中国家和工业化国家商业化。2012年，来自28个国家的1730万农民在1. 703亿公顷（4. 2亿英亩）的土地上种植了农作物，比2011年增加了6%的面积，即1030万公顷（2500万英亩）。2012年，五个欧洲国家种植了129，071公顷的Bt玉米。2012年，全球转基因种子的价值为150亿美元，转基因作物的商业谷物价值约为每年1500亿美元。这被描述为全球增长和采用最快的技术（James C.，商业化生物技术/转基因作物的全球状况：ISAAA简报第44号。ISAAA，Ithaca，2012）。2012年，包括中国、印度、巴西、阿根廷和南非在内的发展中国家的转基因作物产量占全球的52%，而工业化国家的比例为48%。在90%的农民（1730万农民）中，有1500万是来自印度和中国的小农（印度和中国共有1440万农民）。只有四个非洲国家（南非、布基纳法索、苏丹和埃及）将转基因作物商业化，总共只种植了290万公顷，只占全球或发展中国家平均水平的很小一部分。然而，与2011年相比增长了26%。与其他发展中国家相比，非洲在为经济利益而采用转基因作物方面的表现明显较低，因此需要客观地探讨和讨论根本问题，同时提高人们对如何改善现状的认识。（James C，商业化生物技术/转基因作物的全球状况：ISAAA简报第44号。ISAAA，伊萨卡，2012年）。
Genetically modified (GM) crops or biotech crops, have been commercialized in both developing and industrialized countries since 1996. In 2012, 17.3 million farmers from 28 countries planted crops on 170.3 million hectares (420 million acres) of land, which was 6 % more area, or 10.3 million hectares (25 million acres) more, than in 2011. Breaking new ground, five European countries planted 129,071 ha of Bt maize in 2012. The global value of GM seeds in 2012 was US $15 billion, with commercial grain from biotech crops being valued at about US $150 billion per year. This was described as the fastest growing and adopted technology globally (James C, Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: ISAAA brief No. 44. ISAAA, Ithaca, 2012). In 2012, developing countries—including China, India, Brazil Argentina and South Africa—grew about 52 % of the global biotech crops compared to the industrialized countries’ 48 %. Of the 90 % of total farmers (17.3 million farmers), 15 million were smallholders from India and China (a record of 14.4 million in total for both India and China). Only four African countries (South Africa, Burkina Faso, Sudan, and Egypt) have commercialized GM crops, altogether planting only 2.9 million hectares, a very small part of the global or developing countries’ average. However, it represents a 26 % increase compared to 2011. Africa’s performance in adoption of GM crops for economic benefits is significantly low when compared to other developing countries, hence the need to objectively explore and discuss the underlying issues, while creating awareness on how the current status can be improved. (James C, Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: ISAAA brief No. 44. ISAAA, Ithaca, 2012).