Does Cellular Metabolism from Primary Fibroblasts and Oxidative Stress in Blood Differ between Mammals and Birds? The (Lack-thereof) Scaling of Oxidative Stress
Does Cellular Metabolism from Primary Fibroblasts and Oxidative Stress in Blood Differ between Mammals and Birds? The (Lack-thereof) Scaling of Oxidative Stress
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哺乳动物和鸟类的原代成纤维细胞的细胞代谢和血液中的氧化应激是否不同？
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz017
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Carlson, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jimenez, A G;O’Connor, E S;Tobin, K J;Anderson, K N;Winward, J D;Fleming, A;Winner, C;Chinchilli, E;Maya, A;Carlson, K
作为有丝核通讯的一部分，逆行和顺行信号有助于维持基础条件下的稳态。然而，基础条件因系统发育而异。在细胞水平上，一些有丝核逆行反应可以通过测量氧化应激的组成成分、活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化剂之间的平衡来量化。活性氧是线粒体产生的代谢副产物，可以通过改变蛋白质结构和诱导DNA突变等过程破坏大分子。为了对抗累积的损伤，生物体进化出了内源性抗氧化剂，并可以在ROS引起细胞损伤之前消耗外源性抗氧化剂来隔离ROS。ROS也被认为是通过从线粒体到细胞核的逆行信号级联来调节的。这些细胞通路可能在整个动物水平上也有影响。例如，鸟类的基础代谢率更高，血糖浓度更高，寿命也比同等大小的哺乳动物更长，然而，关于鸟类的氧化应激是否比哺乳动物更高，文献存在分歧。在此，我们收集了鸟类和哺乳动物全动物代谢的文献值。然后，我们收集了从鸟类和哺乳动物中分离的原代成纤维细胞的细胞代谢率数据，并收集了在动物园饲养的一组系统发育不同的鸟类和哺乳动物的血液，并测量了氧化应激的几个参数。此外，我们回顾了哺乳动物和鸟类之间基础水平氧化应激参数的文献。我们发现，与哺乳动物相比，鸟类的质量特异性代谢率更高。我们的实验室结果表明，与哺乳动物相比，鸟类的细胞基础代谢、总抗氧化能力、循环脂质损伤和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低。我们没有发现体型与细胞代谢或氧化应激的相关性。我们还发现大多数氧化应激参数在哺乳动物中与年龄增长显著相关，但在鸟类中没有；与已知鸟类年龄的相关性相比，与报告的最大寿命的相关性显示出不同的结果。我们的文献综述显示，鸟类氧化应激的基础水平测量是罕见的，这使得很难得出结论。
As part of mitonuclear communication, retrograde and anterograde signaling helps maintain homeostasis under basal conditions. Basal conditions, however, vary across phylogeny. At the cell-level, some mitonuclear retrograde responses can be quantified by measuring the constitutive components of oxidative stress, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. ROS are metabolic by-products produced by the mitochondria that can damage macromolecules by structurally altering proteins and inducing mutations in DNA, among other processes. To combat accumulating damage, organisms have evolved endogenous antioxidants and can consume exogenous antioxidants to sequester ROS before they cause cellular damage. ROS are also considered to be regulated through a retrograde signaling cascade from the mitochondria to the nucleus. These cellular pathways may have implications at the whole-animal level as well. For example, birds have higher basal metabolic rates, higher blood glucose concentration, and longer lifespans than similar sized mammals, however, the literature is divergent on whether oxidative stress is higher in birds compared with mammals. Herein, we collected literature values for whole-animal metabolism of birds and mammals. Then, we collected cellular metabolic rate data from primary fibroblast cells isolated from birds and mammals and we collected blood from a phylogenetically diverse group of birds and mammals housed at zoos and measured several parameters of oxidative stress. Additionally, we reviewed the literature on basal-level oxidative stress parameters between mammals and birds. We found that mass-specific metabolic rates were higher in birds compared with mammals. Our laboratory results suggest that cellular basal metabolism, total antioxidant capacity, circulating lipid damage, and catalase activity were significantly lower in birds compared with mammals. We found no body-size correlation on cellular metabolism or oxidative stress. We also found that most oxidative stress parameters significantly correlate with increasing age in mammals, but not in birds; and that correlations with reported maximum lifespans show different results compared with correlations with known aged birds. Our literature review revealed that basal levels of oxidative stress measurements for birds were rare, which made it difficult to draw conclusions.