Sex related embryo development
Sex related embryo development
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DOI：
10.1016/s0093-691x(00)00441-6
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
King, WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kochhar, HPS;Peippo, J;King, WA
尽管哺乳动物胚胎在性腺分化之前的性二态性发育已被记录，但我们对这一过程的理解存在许多看似相互矛盾的观察和差距。影响这一过程的条件包括配子相互作用，这可能使一种性别在受精过程和卵裂球分裂率方面具有优势，从而使一种性别能够以更快的速度积累细胞。在这种情况下，雄性可以在规定的发育窗口内积累更多的细胞。男性和女性之间的另一个主要区别是位于性染色体上的基因拷贝数。 Y 染色体的转录本被认为具有转录因子的功能，可以加速发育。相反，X 染色体包含编码胚胎代谢和减轻压力关键途径中限速步骤的基因。可以预见，在雌性 X 染色体失活之前，此类基因转录水平的升高可能能够更好地保护其免受环境压力并调节生长。随着我们对雄性和雌性如何发育有了更好的了解，我们将能够更好地控制家畜后代的性别比例。 (C) 2000 年，爱思唯尔科学公司。
Although sexual dimorphic development in the mammalian embryo prior to differentiation of the gonad has been documented, there are many seemingly conflicting observations and gaps in our understanding of this process. Conditions that influence the process include gamete interaction, that might give one sex an advantage in the fertilization process and in rates of blastomere cleavage that would allow one sex to accumulate cells at a faster rate. In this scenario, males could accumulate more cells within a defined window of development. Another key difference between males and females is the number of copies of genes located on the sex chromosomes. Transcripts from the Y-chromosome are thought to function as transcription factors, which could accelerate development. Conversely, the X-chromosome contains genes that code for rate limiting steps in pathways key to embryo metabolism and stress reduction. It can be envisioned that prior to X-chromosome inactivation in females, elevated levels of transcripts for such genes may enable greater protection from environmental stress and regulate growth. As we gain a better understanding of how males and female develop we will be able to exert greater control over the manipulation of the sex ratio for the offspring of domestic animals. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc.