IISSSSCC DD IISSCCUUSSSSIIOONN PP AAPPEERR SS EERRIIEESS D OES E DUCATION R AISE P RODUCTIVITY OR J UST R EFLECT I T ? Dr. Arnaud
IISSSSCC DD IISSCCUUSSSSIIOONN PP AAPPEERR SS EERRIIEESS D OES E DUCATION R AISE P RODUCTIVITY OR J UST R EFLECT I T ? Dr. Arnaud
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IISSSSCC DD IISSCCUUSSSSIIOONN PP AAPPEERR SS EERRIIEESS 教育是提高生产力还是只是反映生产力？
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通讯作者：
Henning Füller
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作者：
Henning Füller
显然，教育对劳动力市场支付的工资有重要影响，但尚不清楚这是由于教育在提高工人生产率方面发挥的作用（人力资本解释）还是教育仅仅反映了工人的能力（通过信号作用）。在本文中，我们使用各种英国数据集描述并实施了现有文献中的一些测试，以区分这两种解释。在这些测试中，我们发现信号想法几乎没有支持。然而，我们对这些结果持严重保留态度，因为我们对这些测试的力量和数据的适当性表示怀疑。我们提出了一种替代测试，基于一些人对七十年代最低离校年龄的变化所导致的向其他人提供的教育激励变化的反应。利用这个想法，我们发现英国的数据似乎强烈支持人力资本的解释。回归虚拟 男性离职回报率和近期队列回归率的下降 在最新队列中，受过良好教育的老年人的年龄回归相对稀缺。计量经济模型）。结果表明，由于不可观察的原因，个体之间的回报存在一些差异——但这种差异可能是由于不可观察的能力差异，对于最近的队列来说，似乎并没有更大，而且可以说更小。
It is clear that education has an important effect on wages paid in the labour market However it not clear whether this is due to the role that education plays in raising the productivity of workers (the human capital explanation) or whether education simply reflects the ability of the worker (through a signalling role). In this paper we describe and implement, using a variety of UK datasets, a number of tests from the existing literature for discriminating between the two explanations. We find little support for signalling ideas in these tests. However, we have severe reservations about these results because our doubts about the power of these tests and the appropriateness of the data. We propose an alternative test, based on the response of some individuals to a change in education incentives offered to other individuals caused by the changes in the minimum school leaving age in the seventies. Using this idea we find that data in the UK appears to strongly support the human capital explanation. return dummy reduction in the returns to leaving at and for men and return for recent cohorts The return to age gets very large relative scarcity of well educated older individuals people in the most recent cohort. the econometric model). The results suggests some variance in the returns across individuals for unobservable reasons – but this variance, due perhaps to unobserved ability differences, does not appear to be any larger, and is arguably smaller, for more recent cohorts.