Low Extrapair Paternity Observed in a Tropical Bird Despite Ample Opportunities for Extrapair Mating
Low Extrapair Paternity Observed in a Tropical Bird Despite Ample Opportunities for Extrapair Mating
复制标题
尽管有充足的额外交配机会，但在热带鸟类中观察到的额外配对亲子关系较低
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Maddox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Tarwater;J. Brawn;J. Maddox
抽象。
在社会一夫一妻制的物种中，对外父权（EPP）的发生在不同物种和不同纬度之间有很大的差异。最近的研究表明，居住在季节性较低的热带环境中的鸟类的EPP水平低于季节性热带和温带物种。季节性较低的热带鸟类预计有最低的EPP率，因为他们假定的低繁殖密度和低繁殖同步性可能会减少extrapair交配的机会，他们可能更高的成年生存和长期的配对债券可能会增加男性报复的成本，从而减少父亲的照顾。然而，热带地区的研究数量有限，阻碍了我们对EPP是否因环境而异及其原因的理解。我们报告的EPP率和潜在的潜在机制观察到的黑冠蚁（Thamnophilus atrinucha，以前被称为西部板岩蚁），新热带和社会一夫一妻制雀形目鸟类居住在一个相对aseasonal环境中的速率。这些鸟的EPP率很低，4%的窝（50只中的2只）中有3%的后代（89只中的3只）是由外配对雄性交配的。结果是不一致的预期，育种密度和育种同步性的变化影响EPP的人口内，鉴于观察到的高密度和高变化的育种同步性，而不同时改变EPP。报复的成本由男性，提供广泛的父母照顾，和长期对债券的好处可能会导致很少有女性从事extrapair交配，尽管这样做的机会。我们的研究结果是一致的预测，季节性热带物种有较低的EPP比季节性热带和温带物种。
Abstract.
The occurrence of extrapair paternity (EPP) in socially monogamous species varies greatly among species and across latitudes. Recent work suggests that birds residing in less seasonal, tropical environments will have lower levels of EPP than seasonal tropical and temperate species. Less seasonal tropical birds are predicted to have the lowest rates of EPP because their presumed low breeding densities and low breeding synchrony may reduce the opportunities for extrapair mating, and their potentially higher adult survival and longer-term pair bonds may increase the costs of retaliation by males, resulting in reduced paternal care. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies in tropical regions impedes our understanding of whether EPP varies across environments and why. We report on rates of EPP and the potential underlying mechanisms for the observed rate in the Black-crowned Antshrike (Thamnophilus atrinucha, previously known as the Western Slaty Antshrike), a Neotropical and socially monogamous passerine residing in a relatively aseasonal environment. The birds had low rates of EPP, with 3% of offspring (3 of 89) in 4% of broods (2 of 50) being sired by extrapair males. Results are inconsistent with expectations that breeding density and variation in breeding synchrony influence EPP within the population, given the observed high density and high variation in breeding synchrony without simultaneous changes in EPP. The costs of retaliation by males, which provide extensive parental care, and the benefit of long-term pair bonds may lead to few females engaging in extrapair matings despite opportunities for doing so. Our results are consistent with predictions that aseasonal tropical species have lower EPP than seasonal tropical and temperate species.