Physical Processes Determine Spatial Structure in Water Temperature and Residence Time on a Wide Reef Flat
Physical Processes Determine Spatial Structure in Water Temperature and Residence Time on a Wide Reef Flat
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物理过程决定了宽阔礁滩上水温和停留时间的空间结构
DOI：
10.1029/2020jc016543
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davis, K. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reid, E. C.;Lentz, S. J.;DeCarlo, T. M.;Cohen, A. L.;Davis, K. A.
在珊瑚礁上，水流决定了水的停留时间，影响了物理和化学环境，并在珊瑚礁结构内创造了可观察到的小气候。了解造成浅水礁环境变化的物理机制，将它们与开阔海洋区分开来，对于了解珊瑚群落的热弹性和预测它们对未来异常的反应非常重要。2014年6月，在南海北部中国海北部的东沙环礁进行了一项现场实验，调查了推动水流通过宽阔浅滩的物理作用力。仪器包括电流和压力传感器以及分布式温度传感系统，该系统解决了从泻湖到礁顶3公里跨礁区域的空间和时间连续温度测量问题。光谱分析表明，尽管整个珊瑚礁平地的日变化很大--这是预计每日太阳加热的结果--但在礁顶附近，温度也以更高的频率变化。这些在空间上可变的温度制度或热小气候，受到宽阔礁坪上的环流的影响，而潮汐、风和波浪在空间和时间上的贡献也是不同的。通过粒子跟踪模拟发现，水在礁顶附近的停留时间(3.6小时)比在泻湖附近的停留时间(8.6小时)要短。礁坪水流方向的潮汐变化导致滞留时间的模式与单向流动预测的模式不同。珊瑚礁上的循环也决定了珊瑚礁平台上存在的水的来源(来源于近海和泻湖)。
On coral reefs, flow determines residence time of water influencing physical and chemical environments and creating observable microclimates within the reef structure. Understanding the physical mechanisms driving environmental variability on shallow reefs, which distinguishes them from the open ocean, is important for understanding what contributes to thermal resilience of coral communities and predicting their response to future anomalies. In June 2014, a field experiment conducted at Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea investigated the physical forces that drive flow over a broad shallow reef flat. Instrumentation included current and pressure sensors and a distributed temperature sensing system, which resolved spatially and temporally continuous temperature measurements over a 3‐km cross‐reef section from the lagoon to reef crest. Spectral analysis shows that while diurnal variability was significant across the reef flat—a result expected from daily solar heating—temperature also varied at higher frequencies near the reef crest. These spatially variable temperature regimes, or thermal microclimates, are influenced by circulation on the wide reef flat, with spatially and temporally variable contributions from tides, wind, and waves. Through particle tracking simulations, we find the residence time of water is shorter near the reef crest (3.6 h) than near the lagoon (8.6 h). Tidal variability in flow direction on the reef flat leads to patterns in residence time that are different than what would be predicted from unidirectional flow. Circulation on the reef also determines the source (originating from offshore vs. the lagoon) of the water present on the reef flat.
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