Report of the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order
Report of the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order
复制标题
促进民主和公平的国际秩序独立专家的报告
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Alfred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Zayas;M. Alfred
59. 作为21年来第一个访问委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国的联合国报告员，也是最近访问厄瓜多尔的为数不多的报告员之一，独立专家意识到他的责任和局限性。任职六年之后，他了解到政府并不总是“坏人”。如13份专题报告所示，其他参与者影响享有人权，包括世界贸易组织、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、跨国公司和一些游说团体，如军事-工业-金融联合体。这些行为体往往比国家具有更大的影响力。此外，国家和国际经济秩序被双边投资条约、自由贸易协定、信用评级机构、秃鹫基金、抵制和单方面强制措施所扭曲，这些往往造成数十亿人的痛苦。报告员不仅应关注国家及其失败，还应关注其他行为者和普遍缺乏问责制。
59. As the first United Nations rapporteur to visit the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in 21 years,141 and one of the few to have recently visited Ecuador, the Independent Expert is conscious of his responsibilities and limitations. Six years into the mandate, he has learned that governments are not always the “bad guys”. As demonstrated in 13 thematic reports, other players impact on the enjoyment of human rights, including the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, transnational corporations and some lobbies like the military-industrial-financial complex. These actors often wield more influence than States. Moreover, the national and international economic orders are distorted by bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, credit rating agencies, vulture funds, boycotts and unilateral coercive measures, which have often resulted in the suffering of billions of individuals. Rapporteurs should focus not only on States and their failures, but also on other actors and the pervasive lack of accountability.