Application of hydrides in hydrogen storage and compression: Achievements, outlook and perspectives
Application of hydrides in hydrogen storage and compression: Achievements, outlook and perspectives
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.104
复制
发表时间：
2019-03-22
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Dornheim, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Colbe, Jose Bellosta;Ares, Jose-Ramon;Dornheim, Martin
自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来，金属氢化物被认为是高密度储氢的潜在高效、低风险选择。本文讨论了金属氢化物储氢的现状和未来前景。自20世纪90年代初以来，间隙金属氢化物被认为是镍氢充电电池的基础材料。对于储氢，金属氢化物系统已于2010年代开发出来，用于应急或备用动力装置，即固定应用。随着2003年HDW（现蒂森克虏伯海洋系统公司）第一艘U212 A系列潜艇的开发和完成以及2004年出口级U214，金属氢化物在移动应用中储氢的使用已经确立，新的应用领域即将到来 在过去的几十年里，大量新型金属间化合物和部分共价吸氢化合物已被识别，并且部分特征较多，部分不那么广泛。此外，基于金属氢化物的热力学性质，此类材料为开发新的氢压缩技术提供了机会。它们可以将热能直接转换为压缩氢气，无需任何移动部件。这种压缩机已经开发出来，目前已投入商业使用，压力高达 200 bar。用于更高压力的金属氢化物压缩机正在开发中。此外，由金属氢化物和高压容器组合而成的存储系统已被提出作为燃料电池汽车车载储氢的现实解决方案。在国际能源署（IEA）氢任务32“基于氢的能源存储”的“移动和固定应用的储氢系统”小组的框架下，不同的化合物已经并将在不久的将来进行放大，并在500克至数百公斤的范围内进行使用测试 在储氢应用中。 (C) 2019 年作者。由 Elsevier Ltd 代表 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC 出版。
Metal hydrides are known as a potential efficient, low-risk option for high-density hydrogen storage since the late 1970s. In this paper, the present status and the future perspectives of the use of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage are discussed. Since the early 1990s, interstitial metal hydrides are known as base materials for Ni - metal hydride rechargeable batteries. For hydrogen storage, metal hydride systems have been developed in the 2010s [1] for use in emergency or backup power units, i.e. for stationary applications.With the development and completion of the first submarines of the U212 A series by HDW (now Thyssen Krupp Marine Systems) in 2003 and its export class U214 in 2004, the use of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage in mobile applications has been established, with new application fields coming into focus.In the last decades, a huge number of new intermetallic and partially covalent hydrogen absorbing compounds has been identified and partly more, partly less extensively characterized.In addition, based on the thermodynamic properties of metal hydrides, this class of materials gives the opportunity to develop a new hydrogen compression technology. They allow the direct conversion from thermal energy into the compression of hydrogen gas without the need of any moving parts. Such compressors have been developed and are nowadays commercially available for pressures up to 200 bar. Metal hydride based compressors for higher pressures are under development. Moreover, storage systems consisting of the combination of metal hydrides and high-pressure vessels have been proposed as a realistic solution for on-board hydrogen storage on fuel cell vehicles.In the frame of the "Hydrogen Storage Systems for Mobile and Stationary Applications" Group in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen Task 32 "Hydrogen-based energy storage", different compounds have been and will be scaled-up in the near future and tested in the range of 500 g to several hundred kg for use in hydrogen storage applications. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.