Effect of non-chemical crop load regulation on apple fruit quality, assessed by the DA-meter
Effect of non-chemical crop load regulation on apple fruit quality, assessed by the DA-meter
复制标题
通过 DA 仪评估非化学作物负荷调节对苹果果实品质的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.scienta.2017.11.011
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
M. Blanke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lena Peifer;Samuel Ottnad;A. Kunz;L. Damerow;M. Blanke
本工作的目的是研究化学作物负荷管理(CLM)的替代方案。‘Gala Monial’，以改善水果质量，特别是水果大小和I类水果的比例及其对6月落花和返花的影响，以及使用新的非侵入性DA仪评估水果成熟度。2016年在Klein Altendorf的白色冰雹网下的中等开花苹果树‘Gala Monial’受到四种作物负荷运动：a)5月底遮荫(90%，77个白天小时)，b)气球阶段用带有三个水平转子的Bonner装置机械疏花，c)6月底人工疏花，d)b)和c)相邻未疏伐苹果树的组合试验作为对照。较弱的机械疏伐(320转/分)和较强的机械疏伐(360转/分)均导致−1拖拉机速度为5.5公里/小时的机械疏伐导致座果率下降5%或22%，其次是遮荫，与对照相比减少了27%。6月落果后，较强的机械疏伐使坐果率下降23%，机械疏伐和人工疏伐联合疏伐的坐果率下降67%，而在50°N、无春季霜冻的条件下遮荫使座果率下降99%。最好的打包方式就是。机械疏果和人工疏果效果最好(86.8%)，人工疏果效果最差，达53.8%，机械疏果效果最好，达21.4%，对照果实只有19.4%，一级和二级果实均增加约68%，经济效益增加3500欧元/公顷。描述了DA指标和Streif指数之间的关系，以确定最佳采收期(OHD)。尽管苹果公司。‘嘎拉’对交替花不敏感，对照的返花率为4-6，较强的机械间伐(360rpm)为5-7，人工间伐为6-8，机械间伐和人工间伐的组合强度高达8-9，在0(无花)−9(白花)的等级上，反映了树对前一次开花的物理反应。
The objective of the present work was to investigate alternatives to chemical crop load management (CLM) for cv. ‘Gala Mondial’ to improve fruit quality, particularly fruit size and portion of class I and its effects on June drop and return bloom as well as evaluate fruit maturation with the new, non-invasive DA-meter. Moderately flowering apple trees cv.’Gala Mondial’ at Klein Altendorf under white hail net in 2016 were subjected to four crop load motions: a) shading (90% for 77 daylight hours) at the end of May, b) mechanical blossom thinning with the Bonner device with three horizontal rotors at the balloon stage, and c) hand thinning at the end of June, with d) a combination trial of b) and c) adjacent un-thinned apple trees served as control. The weaker (320 rpm) and the stronger (360 rpm) mechanical thinning both at 5.5 km h−1tractor speed caused a 5% or 22% reduction in fruit set, followed by shading with 27% reduction in comparison with the control trees. After June drop, the stronger mechanical thinning reduced fruit set by 23% and the combined mechanical and hand-thinning by 67%, while shading caused a reduction of 99% at 50°N and without spring frosts. The best pack-out viz. greatest percentage (86.8%) of fruits >70 mm diameter was achieved in the combined mechanical and hand thinning followed by 53.8% in the hand thinning, the strong mechanical thinning with 21.4% and control fruit with only 19.4% resulting in a ca. 68% increase in both class I and II fruit with an additional economic net gain of 3500 €/ha. The relationship between the DA-meter and Streif index is delineated to determine optimum harvest date (OHD). Although apple cv. ‘Gala’ appears insensitive to alternate bearing, return bloom in the control was 4–6, in the stronger mechanical thinning (360 rpm) 5–7, in the hand thinning 6–8 and in the combined mechanical and hand thinning as strong as 8–9 on the 0 (no flowers) − 9 (white blossom) scaleand reflects the physical response of the tree to the previous CLM.© Elsevier B.V.