The changing cigarette
The changing cigarette
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/pmed.1997.0183
复制
发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Hoffmann, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann, D;Djordjevic, MV;Hoffmann, I
背景流行病学调查显示，近几十年来，吸烟者中腺癌的增加速度加快，但肺鳞状细胞癌的增加速度却较慢。香烟成分的变化和烟雾成分的相应变化以及尼古丁补偿吸烟模式（例如抽吸频率和吸入深度）被认为有助于观察到这些主要肺癌组织学类型的流行病学特征。方法。描述了卷烟成分的各种变化，导致烟雾量从每支卷烟的销售加权平均 38 毫克“焦油”和 2.7 毫克尼古丁减少到 12 毫克“焦油”和 0.9 毫克尼古丁。 结果。烟草混合物中较高的硝酸盐含量被证明是降低烟雾中致癌多核芳烃 (PAH) 产量的主要影响因素之一，同时导致烟草特有的致癌 N-亚硝胺 (TSNA) 产量增加。体内和体外生物测定表明 PAH 是鳞状细胞癌的诱导剂，而 TSNA 已知主要诱发肺腺癌。结论。产品的变化、吸烟者对控制其吸烟模式的尼古丁的依赖以及改进的烟雾化学物质支持这样的假设：PAH 和 TSNA 暴露的差异可能与观察到的肺鳞状细胞癌和腺癌的不同发病率有关。 (C) 1997 年学术出版社。
Background Epidemiologic surveys have revealed accelerated increases in adenocarcinoma but less rapid increases in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung among cigarette smokers in recent decades. Changes in the makeup of cigarettes and corresponding changes in smoke composition along with nicotine-compensating smoking patterns, such as the frequency of puff drawing and depth of inhalation, are suggested to have contributed to the observed epidemiologic profiles of these major histologic types of lung cancers.Methods. The various changes in cigarette makeup leading to declining smoke yields from sales-weighted averages of 38 mg ''tar'' and 2.7 mg nicotine to 12 mg ''tar'' and 0.9 mg nicotine per cigarette are described.Results. Higher nitrate content of tobacco blends is shown to be one of the major in fluences on lower smoke yields of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) while causing increased yields of carcinogenic, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). In vivo and in vitro bioassays incriminate PAH as inducers of squamous cell carcinoma, while TSNA are known to elicit primarily adenocarcinoma of the lung.Conclusions. The product changes, the smokers' dependence on nicotine which governs their smoking patterns, and the modified smoke chemistry support the hypothesis that differences in PAH and TSNA exposure may be linked to the observed different incidences of squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung. (C) 1997 Academic Press.