Signaling Resolve: Leaders, Reputations, and the Importance of Early Interactions
Signaling Resolve: Leaders, Reputations, and the Importance of Early Interactions
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发出决心：领导者、声誉和早期互动的重要性
DOI：
10.1080/03050629.2017.1316268
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Danielle L. Lupton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Danielle L. Lupton
领导者如何在反复的互动中树立决心的声誉？虽然学者们发现，领导者可以因决心而获得个人声誉，但我们对这些领导者特有的声誉是如何形成的知之甚少。本文考察了领导者如何从任期之初就树立决心的声誉，并就这些领导者特有的声誉提出了三个关键假设。首先，在最初的互动中，陈述对声誉评估的影响更大。其次，陈述创造了对未来行为的预期，这与领导者随后的行动相互作用，影响声誉的发展。第三，最初的认知显著地解决了后来的评估。通过过程追踪调查实验，我发现在早期的互动中，果断的陈述更有实质性的影响。我还发现，对决心的早期认知确实会显著影响后来的认知。此外，陈述创造了对未来行为的期望，正是通过满足或违背这些期望，在实验中，领导者决心的声誉得到改善或损害。即使在控制了包括状态特征在内的环境因素后，这些结果仍然是稳健的。本文讨论了这些发现对学者和政策制定者的影响，并说明了个体领导者如何在互动中培养这些决心的声誉。
ABSTRACT How do leaders develop reputations for resolve across repeated interactions? While scholars find that leaders can acquire individual reputations for resolve, we know relatively little about how these leader-specific reputations form to begin with. This article examines how leaders develop reputations for resolve from the very beginning of their tenures and present three key hypotheses regarding these leader-specific reputations. First, statements are more influential to reputational assessments during initial interactions. Second, statements create expectations of future behavior, which interact with a leader’s subsequent actions to influence reputation development. Third, initial perceptions of resolve significantly condition later assessments. Through a process tracing survey experiment, I find evidence that resolute statements are more substantively influential during early interactions. I also find early perceptions of resolve do significantly influence later perceptions. Furthermore, statements create expectations of future behavior, and it is by meeting or defying these expectations that a leader’s reputation for resolve is improved or injured within the experiment. These results remain robust even when controlling for contextual factors, including state characteristics. The implications of these findings for both scholars and policy makers are discussed, and this study illustrates how individual leaders develop these reputations for resolve across interactions.