Macroscopic quantum tunneling escape of Bose-Einstein condensates
Macroscopic quantum tunneling escape of Bose-Einstein condensates
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.96.063601
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Xinxin Zhao;Diego A. Alcala;M. McLain;K. Maeda;S. Potnis;R. Ramos;Aephraim M. Steinberg;L. Carr
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作者：
Xinxin Zhao;Diego A. Alcala;M. McLain;K. Maeda;S. Potnis;R. Ramos;Aephraim M. Steinberg;L. Carr
最近的宏观量子隧道实验揭示了势垒后面准束缚态原子数量的非指数衰减。通过实验和理论，我们证明了这种非指数衰变是原子之间相互作用的结果。玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中数以万计的 87 Rb 原子的量子隧道效应是通过改进的 Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin 模型进行建模的，同时考虑了平均场引起的有效时间相关势垒。与实验相比，三维 Gross-Pitaevskii 模拟证实了平均场结果。然而，通过使用时间演化块抽取的一维建模，我们提出了一种有效的重整化平均场理论，该理论表明裸平均场理论可能不适用于多体动力学。
Recent experiments on macroscopic quantum tunneling reveal a non-exponential decay of the number of atoms trapped in a quasibound state behind a potential barrier. Through both experiment and theory, we demonstrate this non-exponential decay results from interactions between atoms. Quantum tunneling of tens of thousands of 87 Rb atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate is modeled by a modified Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin model, taking into account the effective time-dependent barrier induced by the mean-field. Three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii simulations corroborate a mean-field result when compared with experiments. However, with one-dimensional modeling using time-evolving block decimation, we present an effective renormalized mean-field theory that suggests many-body dynamics for which a bare mean-field theory may not apply.