Search for thermal X-ray features from the Crab nebula with the Hitomi soft X-ray spectrometer

Search for thermal X-ray features from the Crab nebula with the Hitomi soft X-ray spectrometer
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使用 Hitomi 软 X 射线光谱仪搜索蟹状星云的热 X 射线特征

DOI:
10.1093/pasj/psx072
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Aharonian H
Aharonian H
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aharonian H

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蟹状星云起源于在公元1054年观测到的一次核心坍缩超新星(SN)爆炸。当被视为超新星遗迹(SNR)时,它具有非常低的观测到的Fe核心塌陷SN的喷出物质量和动能。人们已经进行了密集的搜索,以寻找解决这一矛盾的巨大炮弹,但没有发现。另一种观点认为SN 1054是一个电子俘获爆炸,其爆炸能量比铁核坍缩SNe低一个数量级。对蟹状星云外围炮弹的等离子体发射进行了X射线成像搜索,以设定X射线发射质量的严格上限。然而,光源的极端亮度阻碍了对其附近的访问。因此,我们采用了使用Hitomi卫星上的X射线微量热计的光谱技术。通过利用其高超的能量分辨率,我们设置了一个上限的发射或吸收功能,从尚未检测到的热等离子体在2-12千电子伏的范围。我们还重新评估了现有的Chandra和XMM-Newton数据。通过组合这些结果,获得了一个新的上限为101 M的X射线等离子体质量的假设壳半径,尺寸和等离子体温度值的范围很广,在碰撞平衡。为了与观测结果进行比较,我们进一步进行了流体动力学模拟的螃蟹SNR的两个SN模型(铁核心与EC)下的两个SN环境(均匀星际介质与祖风)。我们发现,如果SN环境的密度较低,为0.03 cm−3(Fe核)或0.1 cm−3(EC),或者原始风密度略低于质量损失率为10− 5 M yr− 1(20 km s− 1)的风环境,则观测到的质量极限可以与两个SN模型兼容。
The Crab nebula originated from a core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion observed in 1054ad. When viewed as a supernova remnant (SNR), it has an anomalously low observed ejecta mass and kinetic energy for an Fe-core-collapse SN. Intensive searches have been made for a massive shell that solves this discrepancy, but none has been detected. An alternative idea is that SN 1054 is an electron-capture (EC) explosion with a lower explosion energy by an order of magnitude than Fe-core-collapse SNe. X-ray imaging searches were performed for the plasma emission from the shell in the Crab outskirts to set a stringent upper limit on the X-ray emitting mass. However, the extreme brightness of the source hampers access to its vicinity. We thus employed spectroscopic technique using the X-ray micro-calorimeter on board the Hitomi satellite. By exploiting its superb energy resolution, we set an upper limit for emission or absorption features from as yet undetected thermal plasma in the 2–12 keV range. We also re-evaluated the existing Chandra and XMM-Newton data. By assembling these results, a new upper limit was obtained for the X-ray plasma mass of ≲ 1M⊙for a wide range of assumed shell radius, size, and plasma temperature values both in and out of collisional equilibrium. To compare with the observation, we further performed hydrodynamic simulations of the Crab SNR for two SN models (Fe-core versus EC) under two SN environments (uniform interstellar medium versus progenitor wind). We found that the observed mass limit can be compatible with both SN models if the SN environment has a low density of ≲ 0.03 cm−3(Fe core) or ≲ 0.1 cm−3(EC) for the uniform density, or a progenitor wind density somewhat less than that provided by a mass loss rate of 10−5M⊙yr−1at 20 km s−1for the wind environment.
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