Creating a Circular Nitrogen Bioeconomy in Agricultural Systems through Nutrient Recovery and Upcycling by Microalgae and Duckweed: Past Efforts and Future Trends
Creating a Circular Nitrogen Bioeconomy in Agricultural Systems through Nutrient Recovery and Upcycling by Microalgae and Duckweed: Past Efforts and Future Trends
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DOI：
10.13031/ja.14891
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. V. Femeena;Gregory R. House;R. Brennan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. V. Femeena;Gregory R. House;R. Brennan
基于水生植被的养分回收为处理农业废水提供了一种替代方法。微藻和浮萍可以将废弃的养分向上循环转化为有价值的生物基产品。从粪便种植的水生植物中生产饲料、肥料和燃料可促进循环N-生物经济。目前作为废物释放到环境中的大量营养物质有可能被回收，并通过光合作用、行业洞察和旨在循环的生态知情工程设计，从负债转化为资产。快速生长的水生植物类植物，如微藻和浮萍，能够使当地社区同时处理自己受污染的水，并保留构成现代农业生产力的营养物质。微藻和浮萍不仅高效地将废物营养物质转化为富含蛋白质的生物质，还提供了极好的机会来替代或补充传统的合成化肥、生物精炼厂的饲料和牲畜饲料，同时减少了能源消耗和温室气体排放，否则它们将被生产和运输到农场。在粪便或农业径流中种植微藻或浮萍的综合系统，以及随后再利用收获的生物质生产动物饲料、土壤改良剂和生物燃料，是促进农业系统循环的可持续方法。本文回顾了过去利用微藻和浮萍为基础的技术来处理、回收和向上循环农业废弃物中的营养物质，以促进循环氮生物经济的努力。以微藻和浮萍为基础的废水处理的大部分工作都集中在市政和工业废水上，50%的研究集中在农业废水上。就规模而言，91%以上以微藻为基础的研究和58%以浮萍为基础的研究是在实验室规模进行的。虽然使用这些技术去除营养物质的范围取决于各种因素，如物种、光照和介质浓度，但用微藻处理废水可以去除65%-100%的全N，82%-100%的全P，98%-100%的NO3-，96%-100%的NH3/NH4+。浮萍对总氮、总磷、NH3/NH4+的去除分别为75%~98%、81%~93%、72%~98%、57%~92%。在设计这些系统以产生最佳效益时，应适当考虑操作条件，如水力停留时间、pH、温度以及介质中有毒营养水平和竞争物种的存在。除了深入研究和科学进步外，还需要鼓励供应链发展、市场渗透和消费者接受这些技术的政策，以克服挑战，并通过以微藻和浮萍为基础的农业废水处理产生重大的社会经济和环境效益。关键词：循环生物经济、浮萍、粪便处理、微藻、氮素、养分循环、废水处理。
HighlightsAquatic vegetation-based nutrient recovery offers an alternate approach for treating agricultural wastewater.Microalgae and duckweed can upcycle waste nutrients into valuable bio-based products.Producing feed, fertilizer, and fuel from manure-grown aquatic vegetation promotes a circular N-bioeconomy.Abstract. The massive amounts of nutrients that are currently released into the environment as waste have the potential to be recovered and transformed from a liability into an asset through photosynthesis, industry insight, and ecologically informed engineering design aimed at circularity. Fast-growing aquatic plant-like vegetation such as microalgae and duckweed have the capacity to enable local communities to simultaneously treat their own polluted water and retain nutrients that underlie the productivity of modern agriculture. Not only are they highly effective at upcycling waste nutrients into protein-rich biomass, microalgae and duckweed also offer excellent opportunities to substitute or complement conventional synthetic fertilizers, feedstocks in biorefineries, and livestock feed while simultaneously reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions that would otherwise be required for their production and transport to farms. Integrated systems growing microalgae or duckweed on manure or agricultural runoff, and subsequent reuse of the harvested biomass to produce animal feed, soil amendments, and biofuels, present a sustainable approach to advancing circularity in agricultural systems. This article provides a review of past efforts toward advancing the circular nitrogen bioeconomy using microalgae- and duckweed-based technologies to treat, recover, and upcycle nutrients from agricultural waste. The majority of the work with microalgae- and duckweed-based wastewater treatment has been concentrated on municipal and industrial effluents, with <50% of studies focusing on agricultural wastewater. In terms of scale, more than 91% of the microalgae-based studies and 58% of the duckweed-based studies were conducted at laboratory-scale. While the range of nutrient removals achieved using these technologies depends on various factors such as species, light, and media concentrations, 65% to 100% of total N, 82% to 100% of total P, 98% to 100% of NO3-, and 96% to 100% of NH3/NH4+ can be removed by treating wastewater with microalgae. For duckweed, removals of 75% to 98% total N, 81% to 93% total P, 72% to 98% NH3/NH4+, and 57% to 92% NO3- have been reported. Operating conditions such as hydraulic retention time, pH, temperature, and the presence of toxic nutrient levels and competing species in the media should be given due consideration when designing these systems to yield optimum benefits. In addition to in-depth studies and scientific advancements, policies encouraging supply chain development, market penetration, and consumer acceptance of these technologies are vitally needed to overcome challenges and to yield substantial socio-economic and environmental benefits from microalgae- and duckweed-based agricultural wastewater treatment. Keywords: Circular bioeconomy, Duckweed, Manure treatment, Microalgae, Nitrogen, Nutrient recycling, Wastewater treatment.