From avoidance to approach: The influence of threat-of-shock on reward-based decision making
From avoidance to approach: The influence of threat-of-shock on reward-based decision making
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.003
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Pittig, Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bublatzky, Florian;Alpers, Georg W.;Pittig, Andre
潜在威胁会引发防御性反应和回避行为，从而导致奖赏的丧失。因此，在健康的个体中，当不愉快的后果没有发生时，回避应该很快被克服。本研究探讨了威胁预期对Teward决策的影响。65名参与者完成了一项决策任务，他们必须在高回报和低回报选项之间做出选择。为了模拟接近-回避冲突，高奖励选项与休克威胁线索相关;低奖励选项与安全线索相关。在对照试验中，在没有威胁/安全说明的情况下做出决定。总体而言，行为数据记录了对有利可图的选择的典型偏好。重要的是，在休克的威胁下，参与者最初避免了有利可图的选择（即，安全，但利润较低的选择）。然而，当他们体验到冲击实际上并没有发生时，参与者克服了最初的回避，支持更大的收益。此外，与安全和非威胁性控制线索相比，自主觉醒（皮肤电导和心率反应）在威胁线索期间升高。总的来说，休克威胁与行为后果有关：最初，参与者避免了与威胁相关的选择，但由于他们没有经历过令人厌恶的后果，因此做出了更有利可图的决定。虽然社会上获得的威胁突发事件通常是稳定的，激励措施的做法可以帮助克服与威胁有关的回避。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Potential threat can prime defensive responding and avoidance behavior, which may result in the loss of rewards. When aversive consequences do not occur, avoidance should, thus, be quickly overcome in healthy individuals. This study examined the impact of threat anticipation on Teward-based decisions. Sixty-five participants completed a decision-making task in which they had to choose between high-and low-reward options. To model an approach-avoidance conflict, the high-reward option was contingent with a threat-of-shock cue; the low-reward option was contingent with a safety cue. In control trials, decisions were made without threat/safety instructions. Overall, behavioral data documented a typical preference for the profitable option. Importantly, under threat-of-shock, participants initially avoided the profitable option (i.e., safe, but less profitable choices). However, when they experienced that shocks did actually not occur, participants overcame initial avoidance in favor of larger gains. Furthermore, autonomic arousal (skin conductance and heart rate responses) was elevated during threat cues compared to safety and non-threatening control cues. Taken together, threat-of -shock was associated with behavioral consequences: initially, participants avoided threat-related options but made more profitable decisions as they experienced no aversive consequences. Although socially acquired threat contingencies are typically stable, incentives for approach can help to overcome threat-related avoidance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All right reserved.