Influence of production circumstances and economic evaluation criteria on economic comparison of breeds and breed crosses.
Influence of production circumstances and economic evaluation criteria on economic comparison of breeds and breed crosses.
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生产环境和经济评价标准对品种和品种杂交经济比较的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
J. V. van Arendonk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kahi;I. Kosgey;V. L. Cardoso;J. V. van Arendonk
经济效益的基因型（即品种和品种杂交）排名取决于畜群的生产情况和经济评价标准。本研究利用文献资料对6个基因型的评价标准和生产环境的影响进行了量化。在畜群水平上衡量的经济评价标准包括终身利润和产犊间隔日、生产寿命日、畜群总寿命日、单位产奶量和单位饲料能的终身利润。研究了四种生产情况；这些情况包括限制牛奶产量和畜群对精料、粗料以及精料和粗料的使用。利润是根据牛奶、小牛、精选奶牛和小母牛的销售以及精料和粗饲料的费用、动物死亡、挤奶时间、利息和其他投入来确定的。结果表明，生产环境和评价标准在很大程度上影响了基因型的排序，从而影响了经济比较的结果。在某种标准和环境下排名最好的基因型，在这些条件改变时排名不同。在对基因型进行经济比较，旨在为热带地区小农乳制品生产系统的实施提供建议时，评价标准的选择应根据基因型将要生产或目前正在生产的地区的限制或制约因素来确定。例如，在饲料供应有限的情况下，应根据每单位饲料能量的总利润对基因型进行排序。
The ranking of genotypes (i.e., breeds and breed crosses) for economic performance depends on the production circumstances of the herd and the criteria for economic evaluation. In this study, the effects of evaluation criteria and production circumstance are quantified using data from the literature on six genotypes. The economic evaluation criteria measured at herd level included lifetime profit and lifetime profit expressed per day of calving interval, per day of productive lifetime, per day of total herd life, per unit of milk, and per unit of feed energy. Four production circumstances were studied; these circumstances included constraints on the output of milk and on herd use of concentrates, roughages, and both concentrates and roughages. Profit was determined based on the sale of milk, calves, cull cows, and heifers and the expenses incurred for concentrates and roughages, animal deaths, milking time, interest, and other inputs. Results indicate that production circumstances and evaluation criteria largely influence the ranking of genotypes and, therefore, the outcome of economic comparisons. The genotype that ranks the best under a certain criteria and circumstance ranks differently when these situations are altered. In economic comparisons of genotypes aimed at offering recommendations for implementation in smallholder dairy production systems in the tropics, the choice of the evaluation criteria should be determined by the limitation or constraint that characterizes the area where the genotypes are to produce or are currently producing. For example, for situations in which feed availability is limiting, genotypes should be ranked on total profit per unit of feed energy.