Why do anemonefishes inhabit only some host actinians?
Why do anemonefishes inhabit only some host actinians?
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为什么海葵鱼只栖息在一些寄主海葵上？
DOI：
10.1007/bf00002992
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
D. Fautin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Fautin
双锯海葵属（Amphiprion）25种和豆腐柴属（Premnas）1种是10种兼性共生海葵的专性共生体。在整个热带印度-西太平洋范围内，一种鱼类只栖息在某些可能的宿主中，这种特异性是由于鱼类。五种鱼类占据了澳大利亚大堡礁吕宋岛的六种海葵。biaculeatus、双刺拟步行虫A. melanopusandA. akindynos。成年人ofPremnas发生深约3米，主要是孤独的actinians;青少年可能占据外围成员的Entacmaeaclones在浅水区。A. melanopus只生活在克隆海葵，这是发现不超过3米深。大多数A. akindynosinEntacmaea是少年，发生浅和深，在孤立的海葵或在克隆的边缘。种间以及种内的社会控制的增长可能是负责保持鱼小克隆边缘。E.依靠海葵鱼生存。Actinians清除共生体在24小时内消失，可能已经吃了珊瑚鱼。Entacmaea，最丰富和广泛的主机actinian在吕宋岛和整个范围内的协会，也可以说是最有吸引力的海葵。我相信它对捕食的脆弱性是它进化的一个因素，无论它对鱼类有什么吸引力。实验转移对另一个物种，控制宿主的生态表型，性别，大小和鱼的数量的一种有孔的鱼。竞争优势与丰度和总体宿主特异性的顺序相同：双刺原蜱、A. melanopus、黑足拟步行虫A. akindynos。至少有三个因素是必要的，以解释物种特异性的模式-先天或后天的主机偏好，竞争和随机过程。
The 25 species ofAmphiprionand one ofPremnas(family Pomacentridae) are obligate symbionts of 10 species of facultatively symbiotic sea anemones. Throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific range of the relationship, a fish species inhabits only certain of the hosts potentially available to it. This specificity is due to the fishes. Five fishes occupy six sea anemone species at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.Entacmaea quadricolorharborsP. biaculeatus, A. melanopusandA. akindynos. Adults ofPremnasoccur deeper than about 3 m in large, primarily solitary actinians; juveniles may occupy peripheral members ofEntacmaeaclones in shallow water. Specimens ofA. melanopuslive exclusively in clonal anemones, which are found no deeper than 3 m. Most individuals ofA. akindynosinEntacmaeaare juveniles, occurring shallow and deep, in solitary anemones or at the margins of clones. Interspecific as well as intraspecific social control of growth may be responsible for keeping fish small at clone fringes. Conspicuous specimens ofE. quadricolordepend upon their anemonefish to survive. Actinians cleared of symbionts disappeared within 24 h, probably having been eaten by reef fishes.Entacmaea, the most abundant and widespread host actinian at Lizard Island and throughout the range of the association, is also arguably the most attractive to anemonefishes. I believe its vulnerability to predation was a factor in its evolving whatever makes it desirable to fishes. Experimental transfers pitted fish of one species against those of another, controlling for ecophenotype of host, and sex, size and number of fish. Competitive superiority was in the same order as abundance and over-all host specificity:P. biaculeatus, A. melanopus, A. akindynos. At least three factors are necessary to explain patterns of species specificity - innate or learned host preference, competition, and stochastic processes.