The role of afferent feedback in the control of hamstrings activity during human gait
The role of afferent feedback in the control of hamstrings activity during human gait
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DOI：
10.1076/ejom.36.4.293.5820
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kooloos, JGM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duysens, J;van Wezel, BMH;Kooloos, JGM
在脊椎动物中，可能也在人类中，运动过程中肌肉的激活模式可以由脊髓产生（运动CPG，中枢模式发生器）。然而，感觉反馈对于调整CPG的功能以适应步态中的外部要求至关重要。假设来自皮肤和肌肉的传入输入可以促进在步态中观察到的各种肢体肌肉的肌电图激活模式。末端摆动时腘绳肌的活动可能部分是由于这些肌肉的拉伸反射。在结束站姿时，腿筋的活动可以通过足背自然皮肤激活的反射来辅助。此外，还纳入了更具体的行动。例如，腓肠神经刺激诱导股二头肌（BF）的激活，而半腱肌（ST）通常受到抑制，这表明诱导的激活是针对小腿的伸展。同样，腓肠神经诱导的反射中内侧腓肠肌对外侧腓肠肌（GM vs CL）的优先激活可能有利于这种释放。结论是，目前的证据指向可能的贡献的各种反射运动输出中看到的步态在矢状面内外的运动。
In vertebrates, possibly also in man, the pattern of activation of muscles during locomotion can be generated by the spinal cord (locomotor CPG, central pattern generator). However, sensory feedback is crucial to adapt the functioning of the CPG to the external requirements during gait. It is postulated that afferent input from skin and muscles can contribute to the EMG activation patterns as observed in various limb muscles during gait. The activity of the hamstrings at end swing may be partially due to stretch reflexes of these muscles. At end stance the hamstring activity may be assisted by reflexes from natural skin activation from the dorsum of the foot. In addition, more specific actions are also incorporated. For example, sural nerve stimulation induces an activation of biceps femoris (BF) whereas a suppression is usually obtained for semitendinosus (ST), indicating that the induced activation is aimed at exorotation of the lower leg. Similarly, the preferential activation of medial versus lateral gastrocnemius (GM versus CL) in sural nerve induced reflexes could favor such exorotation. It is concluded that the present evidence points towards a possible contribution of various reflexes to the motor output seen during gait for movements both inside and outside the sagittal plane.