Experimental procedures to mitigate electron beam induced artifacts during in situ fluid imaging of nanomaterials
Experimental procedures to mitigate electron beam induced artifacts during in situ fluid imaging of nanomaterials
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.07.018
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Browning, Nigel D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woehl, Taylor J.;Jungjohann, Katherine L.;Browning, Nigel D.
各种流体和水合纳米材料样品的扫描透射电子显微镜已经揭示了多个成像伪影和电子束-流体相互作用。这些现象包括晶体在流体载物台窗口上的生长、粒子从照射区域的排斥、气泡形成以及在单个纳米粒子的长时间成像期间原子信息的损失。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的审查这些流体阶段文物，我们提出了新的实验证据，揭示了他们的起源方面的实验装置的问题和间接的电子束样品与流体层的相互作用。一个关键的发现是，许多文物是间接的电子束相互作用的结果，如在水中产生的反应性自由基的辐解，以及相关的晶体生长。这里提出的结果将提供一种方法，用于最大限度地减少流体阶段成像伪影，并获得定量原位观察纳米材料在液体环境中的行为。(c)2012爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Scanning transmission electron microscopy of various fluid and hydrated nanomaterial samples has revealed multiple imaging artifacts and electron beam-fluid interactions. These phenomena include growth of crystals on the fluid stage windows, repulsion of particles from the irradiated area, bubble formation, and the loss of atomic information during prolonged imaging of individual nanoparticles. Here we provide a comprehensive review of these fluid stage artifacts, and we present new experimental evidence that sheds light on their origins in terms of experimental apparatus issues and indirect electron beam sample interactions with the fluid layer. A key finding is that many artifacts are a result of indirect electron beam interactions, such as production of reactive radicals in the water by radiolysis, and the associated crystal growth. The results presented here will provide a methodology for minimizing fluid stage imaging artifacts and acquiring quantitative in situ observations of nanomaterial behavior in a liquid environment. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.