Distribution, growth and life cycle of the mesopelagic amphipod Primno abyssalis (Hyperiidea: Phrosinidae) in the southern Japan sea
Distribution, growth and life cycle of the mesopelagic amphipod Primno abyssalis (Hyperiidea: Phrosinidae) in the southern Japan sea
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日本南部中层端足类Primno abyssalis（Hyperiidea：Phrosinidae）的分布、生长和生命周期
DOI：
10.1007/bf00349122
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
T. Ikeda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Ikeda
利用 1986 年 6 月至 1992 年 9 月期间从日本海南部富山湾采集的季节性样本，对超类片足类Primno abyssalis（原名P. Macropa）的垂直分布、生长、成熟、幼崽大小和生命周期进行了调查。在一年中的四个不同季节中，P.深渊在夜间以200～350m地层最为丰富，白天以350～400m地层最为丰富，表明100～150m是昼夜垂直运动的一般距离。青少年、成年雄性和雌性之间的垂直迁移行为存在一些差异。人口结构分析揭示了 0+、1+ 和 2+ 岁三个群体的发生情况。该物种的体长增长与时间呈线性关系。雌性完成一个生命周期的估计时间为 1.8 至 2.5 年，但雄性仅为 0.8 年。最长寿命为2.8年。根据腹足支节数进行龄期分析表明，刚孵化的幼鱼要经过10次蜕皮才能达到成年雄性，再经过4次蜕皮才能达到成年雌性。发现雄性成虫龄仅为 1 龄，雌性为 5 龄。全年都有雌性产卵，但每年从雌性有袋动物中释放幼体的高峰期估计是三月初。孵卵大小与雌性大小不相关，记录的最大孵卵大小为 214 个蛋。龄期的干重和无灰干重表明，雌性有袋动物中的幼体、成年雄性和老年成年雌性处于不太活跃的摄食或非摄食阶段。除了生长速度降低和出现雄性体型小、寿命短外，P.深海动物与目前对中层动物生活模式的看法是一致的，包括长度的线性增长、非季节性繁殖、较小的产卵规模和较大的卵。
The vertical distribution, growth, maturation, brood size and life cycle of the hyperiid amphipodPrimno abyssalis(formerlyP. macropa) were investigated using seasonal samples collected from Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea, during the period June 1986 to September 1992. Over four different seasons of the year,P. abyssaliswas most abundant in the 200 to 350 m strata at night and the 350 to 400 m strata during the day, indicating 100 to 150 m as the general distance of diel vertical movement. Some differences in vertical migrating behavior were noted among juveniles, adult males and females. Population-structure analysis revealed the occurrence of three cohorts aged 0+, 1+ and 2+ yr. Growth as body length in this species is linear with time. Estimated time to complete one life cycle is 1.8 to 2.5 yr for females, but only 0.8 yr for males. Maximum longevity is 2.8 yr. Instar analysis based on the segment number of pleopod rami indicated that newly hatched juveniles molt ten times to reach adult male, and four more times to reach adult female. Adult instar number was found to be only 1 for males and 5 for females. Ovigerous females occurred throughout the year, but the annual peak of release of juveniles from the female's marsupium is estimated to be arly March. Brood size was not correlated with female size, a maximum brood size of 214 eggs was recorded. The dry and ash-free dry weights of instars suggested that juveniles in the female marsupium, adult males, and older adult females are less active feeding or non-feeding stages. Except for the reduced growth rate and the occurrence of small, short-lived males, most characteristics ofP. abyssalisare consistent with the present view of the life modes of mesopelagic animals, including linear growth in length, aseasonal reproduction, and smaller brood size coupled with larger eggs.