Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A in Osteoblast Differentiation and Function.
Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A in Osteoblast Differentiation and Function.
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DOI：
10.3390/jcm6030023
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发表时间：
2017-02-23
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Yamamoto A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okamura H;Yoshida K;Morimoto H;Teramachi J;Ochiai K;Haneji T;Yamamoto A
蛋白质的可逆磷酸化在多种细胞过程中发挥着极其重要的作用，例如分化、增殖和凋亡。这些过程受到蛋白激酶（磷酸化）和磷酸酶（去磷酸化）的严格控制。在这里，我们提供蛋白质磷酸化研究的简史，包括不同类型的蛋白激酶和磷酸酶的总结。 PP2A 是生理上最重要的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶之一。本综述描述了各种 PP2A 转基因小鼠的表型，并进一步关注 PP2A 在骨形成中的已知功能，包括其在成骨细胞分化和功能中的作用。 PP2A 的减少通过调节骨相关转录因子（如 Osterix）促进骨形成和成骨细胞分化。有趣的是，在适当的成脂分化条件下，PP2A 的下调还会刺激未分化间充质细胞分化为脂肪细胞。在成骨细胞中，PP2A 还参与控制破骨细胞生成以及骨肉瘤细胞的增殖和转移的能力。因此，PP2A被认为是控制源自间充质细胞例如成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的分化和功能的综合因素。
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins plays hugely important roles in a variety of cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These processes are strictly controlled by protein kinases (phosphorylation) and phosphatases (de-phosphorylation). Here we provide a brief history of the study of protein phosphorylation, including a summary of different types of protein kinases and phosphatases. One of the most physiologically important serine/threonine phosphatases is PP2A. This review provides a description of the phenotypes of various PP2A transgenic mice and further focuses on the known functions of PP2A in bone formation, including its role in osteoblast differentiation and function. A reduction in PP2A promotes bone formation and osteoblast differentiation through the regulation of bone-related transcription factors such as Osterix. Interestingly, downregulation of PP2A also stimulates adipocyte differentiation from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells under the appropriate adipogenic differentiation conditions. In osteoblasts, PP2A is also involved in the ability to control osteoclastogenesis as well as in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Thus, PP2A is considered to be a comprehensive factor in controlling the differentiation and function of cells derived from mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts and adipocytes.