Long-term T cell responses in the brain after an ischemic stroke.
Long-term T cell responses in the brain after an ischemic stroke.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
U. Selvaraj;A. Stowe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Selvaraj;A. Stowe
中风是一种全球性疾病，每年的死亡率为10%。但中风也是长期成人残疾的主要原因，在首次中风发作后持续数月至数年的恢复。这种中风后的长期功能恢复包括神经元结构和功能的变化，并发生在整个中风后的大脑中。更不了解的是，在急性中风后神经炎症期间浸润大脑的适应性免疫细胞是否保持长期，以及它们的存在是否支持或阻碍功能恢复。研究表明，T细胞亚群及其衍生的细胞因子在卒中后即刻急性期表现出不同的保护和有害作用。有趣的是，T细胞在调节生理行为方面也很重要，这暗示了中风后功能恢复的潜在作用。此外，T细胞进入中风后大脑可能在中风发作后数周达到峰值，这表明适应性免疫系统在受损CNS中的长期作用。然而，T细胞在中风的长期功能和行为恢复和修复阶段中的重要性在很大程度上仍未被探索。我们在这里总结了最近的工作，在描绘中风后的T细胞的有益和有害的影响，包括抗原特异性和非特异性的影响T细胞在中风后恢复阶段。我们还强调了T细胞在其他中枢神经系统疾病中的作用，这可能为未来研究缺血性脑中的适应性免疫细胞提供了机制。
Stroke, which occurs during a loss of blood flow to the brain, is a global disease that accounts for 10% of yearly mortality. But stroke is also a leading cause of long-term adult disability, with recovery continuing for months to years after initial stroke onset. This long-term functional recovery from stroke encompasses changes in neuronal structure and function, and occurs throughout the post-stroke brain. Much less understood is whether the adaptive immune cells that infiltrated the brain during acute post-stroke neuroinflammation remain long-term, and if their presence supports or hinders functional recovery. Studies show that T cell subsets and their derived cytokines exhibit diverse protective and detrimental effects in the immediate acute phase following stroke. Interestingly, T cells are also important in regulating physiological behavior, which hints at a potential role in functional recovery after stroke. Moreover, T cell egress into the post-stroke brain might actually peak weeks after stroke onset, suggesting a long-term role for the adaptive immune system in the injured CNS. However, the significance of T cells in the long-term functional and behavioral recovery and repair phase of stroke remains largely unexplored. We summarize here recent work in delineating the beneficial and detrimental effects of T cells after a stroke, including antigen-specific and non-specific effects of T cells in the post-stroke recovery phase. We also highlight the role of T cells in other CNS diseases that may suggest mechanisms for future study of these adaptive immune cells in the ischemic brain.