Regulation of Unfair Contract Terms in Japan
Regulation of Unfair Contract Terms in Japan
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日本不公平合同条款的规制
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Antonios Karaiskos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Antonios Karaiskos
在欧洲联盟，1993年4月5日关于消费者合同中不公平条件的理事会第93/13/EEC号指令追求的目标是确保保护全欧洲的消费者免受不公平条件的影响，同时旨在加强内部市场。在制定《共同参考框架》的框架内，现在的重点是改进消费者法律，更确切地说是审查与货物和服务销售有关的8项指令。对日本法律史的考察表明，日本倾向于在对外国立法进行深入细致的研究之后，对外国立法进行评估，并将其介绍给日本，或将其作为适当立法的基础。日本的《消费者合同法》也是如此，它受到了包括上述理事会关于消费者合同中的不公平条款的指示在内的多个外国立法的影响，是根据日本社会的特点进行了调整的混合体。本文的目的是概要介绍日本在规制不公平合同条款方面所采取的主要措施。在第一节导言之后，第二节介绍了日本规范标准格式合同条款（Yakkan或Futsutorihikiyakkan，这是一个与德国法律中的Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen内容相同的术语）的历史。之所以选择格式合同条款作为本节的对象，是因为它们长期以来一直是与日本不公平合同条款的管制有关的讨论的核心，至少在上述《日本不公平合同条款的管制》出现之前是这样。
In the European Union, council directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts pursues the objective of ensuring protection of consumers against unfair terms throughout Europe and at the same time aims at reinforcing the internal market. Within the framework of the development of the Common Frame of Reference the emphasis is now on the improvement of the consumer acquis, more precisely on the review of 8 directives that relate to the sale of goods and services. An examination of the history of Japanese law shows that Japan has tended to evaluate foreign legislations and introduce them to Japan or use them as basis for its proper legislation, after thorough and detailed research. This was also the case with the Japanese Consumer Contract Act (Shohisha Keiyakuho), which was largely influenced by plural foreign legislations, including the above-mentioned council directive on unfair terms in consumer contracts, and came out as an amalgam adjusted to the characteristics of Japanese society. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of the main steps Japan has followed in the field of the regulation of unfair contract terms. Following this introduction in section I, section II presents the history of the regulation of standard form contract clauses( Yakkan or Futsutorihikiyakkan, a term of the same content as Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen in German law)in Japan. The reason why standard form contract clauses were chosen as object of this section is that they have been for a long time the core of the discussion related to the regulation of unfair contract terms in Japan, at least until the appearance of the above-men13 REGULATION OF UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS IN JAPAN