Applying science to changing dietary patterns
Applying science to changing dietary patterns
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/131.11.3078s
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bowerman, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heber, D;Bowerman, S
每天摄入400-600克水果和蔬菜与降低多种常见癌症的发病率有关。这些食品含有植物化学物质，可以通过多种途径调节基因表达以抑制癌症发生。许多植物化学物质是五颜六色的，提供了一种简单的方式来向公众传达增加的水果和蔬菜的多样性。红色食物含有番茄红素，番茄中的色素位于前列腺癌中，可能与维持前列腺健康有关。黄绿色蔬菜，如玉米和绿叶蔬菜，含有叶黄素和玉米黄质，它们位于视网膜中，发生老年性黄斑变性。红紫色食物含有花青素，这是一种在红苹果、葡萄、浆果和葡萄酒中发现的强大抗氧化剂。橙色食物，包括胡萝卜、芒果、杏子、南瓜和冬瓜，都含有β-胡萝卜素。橙黄色的食物，包括橙子、橘子和柠檬，都含有柑橘类黄酮。绿色食品，包括西兰花、球芽甘蓝和羽衣甘蓝，含有硫代葡萄糖苷。洋葱家族中的白色绿色食物含有烯丙基硫化物。建议消费者每天摄入上述每一组中的一份，这一建议符合美国国家癌症研究所和美国癌症研究所的指导方针，即每天五到九份。颜色代码提供了简化，但它也是一种重要的方式，可以帮助消费者在旅行、在餐馆吃饭或工作时轻松找到常见的水果和蔬菜。在国内，需要简单的方法来快速、轻松地准备食物，以影响饮食模式。
The intake of 400-600 g/d of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many common forms of cancer. These foods contain phytochemicals that can modulate gene expression to inhibit carcinogenesis via multiple pathways. Many phytochemicals are colorful, providing an easy way to communicate increased diversity of fruits and vegetables to the public. Red foods contain lycopene, the pigment in tomatoes, which is localized in the prostate gland and may be involved in maintaining prostate health. Yellow-green vegetables, such as corn and leafy greens, contain lutein and zeaxanthin, which are localized in the retina where age-related macular degeneration occurs. Red-purple foods contain anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidants found in red apples, grapes, berries and wine. Orange foods, including carrots, mangos, apricots, pumpkin and winter squash, contain beta -carotene. Orange-yellow foods, including oranges, tangerines and lemons contain citrus flavonoids. Green foods, including broccoli, Brussels sprouts and kale, contain glucosinolates. White-green foods in the onion family contain allyl sulfides. Consumers are advised to ingest one serving of each of the above groups daily, putting this recommendation within the National Cancer Institute and American Institute for Cancer Research guidelines of five to nine servings per day. The color code provides simplification, but it is also important as a way to help consumers to find common fruits and vegetables easily while traveling, eating in restaurants or working. At home, simple ways of preparing foods rapidly and easily are needed to influence dietary patterns.