The quest for carbon-neutral industrial operations: renewable power purchase versus distributed generation
The quest for carbon-neutral industrial operations: renewable power purchase versus distributed generation
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DOI：
10.1080/00207543.2017.1394593
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
T. Jin;Tianqin Shi;T. Park
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Jin;Tianqin Shi;T. Park
将可再生能源整合到制造设施中是实现碳中和运营的最终关键。虽然许多公司采取了各种措施来减少其设施的碳足迹，但很少有定量研究集中在成本分析和间歇性风能和太阳能整合的供应可靠性上。本文旨在通过解决以下问题来填补这一空白：采用购电协议（PPA）还是现场可再生能源发电来实现生态经济效益？我们通过考虑两种监管选择来解决这个复杂的决策问题：政府碳激励和公用事业定价政策。建立了一个随机规划模型，以寻找现场和场外可再生能源供应的最佳组合。该模型在不同地区的不同气候条件下进行了广泛的测试。得到了三个结果。首先，从长期来看，现场发电和购电协议可以避免现货或批发电力市场的价格波动。其次，在风速低于6米/秒的地方，70美元/兆瓦时的PPA比现场风力发电更受欢迎。第三，与PPA和风力发电相比，太阳能发电在经济上没有竞争力，除非容量成本降至150万美元/兆瓦以下。
Integrating renewable energy into the manufacturing facility is the ultimate key to realising carbon-neutral operations. Although many firms have taken various initiatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their facilities, there are few quantitative studies focused on cost analysis and supply reliability of integrating intermittent wind and solar power. This paper aims to fill this gap by addressing the following question: shall we adopt power purchase agreement (PPA) or onsite renewable generation to realise the eco-economic benefits? We tackle this complex decision-making problem by considering two regulatory options: government carbon incentives and utility pricing policy. A stochastic programming model is formulated to search for the optimal mix of onsite and offsite renewable power supply. The model is tested extensively in different regions under various climatic conditions. Three findings are obtained. First, in a long term onsite generation and PPA can avoid the price volatility in the spot or wholesale electricity market. Second, at locations where the wind speed is below 6 m/s, PPA at $70/MWh is preferred over onsite wind generation. Third, compared to PPA and wind generation, solar generation is not economically competitive unless the capacity cost is down below $1.5 M/MW.