Engineering mucus to study and influence the microbiome
Engineering mucus to study and influence the microbiome
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7
复制
发表时间：
2019-02
影响因子：
83.5
通讯作者：
Caroline A. Werlang;Gerardo Cárcarmo-Oyarce;K. Ribbeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caroline A. Werlang;Gerardo Cárcarmo-Oyarce;K. Ribbeck
粘液是一种3D水凝胶，容纳了大多数人体微生物组。粘液环境在微生物表型的分化和行为中起着重要作用，并能够产生空间分布。粘液的失调还与各种疾病有关。因此，粘液是体外研究肠道和致病菌群行为的关键成分。事实上，在粘液中培养的微生物表现出与在标准实验室培养基中表现出的表型基本上不同的表型。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了粘液对微生物组的影响，并研究了粘液的主要组成部分粘蛋白的结构和糖基化。我们研究了聚糖对粘蛋白功能的影响，并重点介绍了合成粘蛋白的不同工程方法，包括骨架的合成，拟粘蛋白水凝胶的设计和聚糖的工程。最后，粘蛋白模拟物的三维体外细胞培养和调节微生物群落结构和功能进行了讨论。
Mucus is a 3D hydrogel that houses the majority of the human microbiome. The mucous environment plays an important role in the differentiation and behaviour of microbial phenotypes and enables the creation of spatial distributions. Dysregulation of mucus is further associated with various diseases. Therefore, mucus is the key ingredient to study the behaviour of commensal and pathogenic microbiota in vitro. Indeed, microorganisms cultured in mucus exhibit phenotypes substantially different from those exhibited in standard laboratory media. In this Review, we discuss the impact of mucus on the microbiome and examine the structure and glycosylation of mucins — the main building blocks of mucus. We investigate the impact of glycans on mucin function and highlight different approaches for the engineering of synthetic mucins, including synthesis of the backbone, the design of mucin-mimetic hydrogels and the engineering of glycans. Finally, mucin mimetics for 3D in vitro cell culture and for modulating microbial community structure and function are discussed.