Sex differences in emotional and physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test
Sex differences in emotional and physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.02.003
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Carpenter, Linda L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly, Megan M.;Tyrka, Audrey R.;Carpenter, Linda L.
女性比男性更有可能被诊断出患有抑郁症和焦虑相关疾病，并且推测这种差异与压力反应的性别差异有关。在应对社会心理压力源时，女性通常比男性报告更高水平的负面影响，但对压力情况的生理反应存在性别差异的证据并不一致。本研究试图通过评估神经内分泌、自主神经和情感反应领域对社会压力挑战反应的性别差异来扩展这项工作。参与者（32 名女性、30 名男性）完成了标准化社会心理压力挑战（即特里尔社会压力测试 (TSST)），在此期间评估了多项生理（例如皮质醇反应性、心率）和心理（例如抑郁、烦躁、愤怒、恐惧）测量。研究结果表明，皮质醇反应性和自主反应的程度未能可靠地区分女性和男性。然而，与男性相比，女性在 TSST 后立即表现出更多的恐惧、烦躁、困惑和更少的幸福感。讨论了这些结果的更广泛含义以及它们与焦虑和情绪障碍的病因学和临床表现中的性别差异的关系。 (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with depression and anxiety-related disorders, and it has been hypothesized that this difference is related to sex differences in stress reactivity. Women typically report higher levels of negative affect than men in response to psychosocial stressors, but the evidence for sex differences in physiological reactivity to stressful situations is not consistent. The present study sought to expand this work by evaluating sex differences in reactivity to a social stress challenge across neuroendocrine, autonomic and affective response domains. Participants (32 women, 30 men) completed a standardized psychosocial stress challenge (i.e., the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)), during which several physiological (e.g., cortisol reactivity, heart rate) and psychological (e.g., depression, irritability, anger, fear) measures were assessed. The findings demonstrated that cortisol reactivity and the magnitude of autonomic responding failed to reliably discriminate between women and men. However, women reported more fear, irritability, confusion and less happiness immediately following the TSST compared to men. The broader implications of these results and how they relate to sex differences in the etiology and clinical presentation of anxiety and mood disorders are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.