SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND PROCESS IN CHAR LAND SETTLEMENT IN THE BRAHMAPUTRA-JAMUNA FLOODPLAIN
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND PROCESS IN CHAR LAND SETTLEMENT IN THE BRAHMAPUTRA-JAMUNA FLOODPLAIN
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雅鲁藏布江-贾穆纳河漫滩炭地定居点的社会结构和进程
DOI：
10.2307/2803775
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Q. Zaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Q. Zaman
这篇文章提供了一个社会经济和政治分析的增生土地（焦）解决在孟加拉国。具体而言，它讨论了在洪泛区，被称为lathiyali的地主和农民之间的关系系统的nrse，这成为了在孟加拉的扎伊宁王朝时期（1793-1950）土地殖民化的一个重要的政治经济结构。它还详细描述了当代孟加拉国强大的地主之间的竞争，这些地主剥削他们依赖的农民作为lathiyals来攫取新的木炭土地。通过展示农村地主和国家一级的政治权力之间的相互联系，本文发展了一种批判的方法，解释这种地方部署的暴力和权力的孤立，边缘化和薄弱的国家制度。在这篇文章中，我exainine的lathiyali 1政治制度的发展，在孟加拉国洪泛区的焦炭（增生）土地解决的背景下。lathiyali是地主和农民之间的一种半封建关系制度，在这种制度中，当地的talukdar（独立业主）和jotedar（上级土地保有者）2充当权力老板，利用他们的庇护人作为lathiyali组织暴力土地冲突，以夺取新的沉积土地。这种lathiyali制度长期以来一直被当地政府视为“法律和秩序问题”，至今仍是孟加拉国农村社会和文化的一个基本未被研究和部分隐蔽的特征。我在这里的主要目的是描述和解释lathiyali系统的社会起源和结构，以及lathiyals在动员地区争端中的政治作用。简要地说，我将试图说明如何talukdars，作为当地的“掌权者”在当代农村孟加拉国，利用不稳定的河流局势，保持“无形的”军队lathiyals为了，第一，提取剩余或使用依赖农户的廉价劳动力，以扩大他们的新的农业边界，其次，以确保进一步控制新的木炭土地。此外，在lathiyals的支持下，talukdar也可以显著影响正式政治舞台上的结果。人类学家和其他社会科学家对庇护制度进行了许多研究。[3]巴特（Barth，1959）对巴基斯坦斯瓦特一个山谷的无组织政治组织的早期研究是一部经典著作，它探讨了政治派别之间的联盟动态和土地暴力冲突，这些政治派别基于庇护关系，跨越了地主和无地农民之间的阶级划分。巴斯用现在普遍知道的方法分析了这些关系
This article offers a socio-economic and political analysis of accretion land (char) settlement in Bangladesh. Specifically, it discusses the nrse, in the floodplain, of the system of relations between landlords and peasants known as lathiyali, which became an important politico-economic structure in land colonization during the zainindary period (1793-1950) in Bengal. It also provides a detailed account of the rivalry of powerful landlords in contemporary Bangladesh who exploit their dependent peasants as lathiyals to grab new char land. By demonstrating interconnexions between the rural landlords and political power at the state level, the article develops a critique of approaches which explain such local deployment of violence and power in terms of isolation, marginality and weak state systems. In this article I exainine the development of the lathiyali1 political system in the context of char (accretion) land settlement in floodplain Bangladesh. The lathiyali is a semi-feudal system of relations between landlords and peasants in which the local talukdars (independent proprietors) and jotedars (superior tenure holders),2 acting as power bosses, use their patron-tied dependants as lathiyals to organize violent land conflict to grab new depositional land. This lathiyali system has long been regarded by the local administration as a 'law and order problem' and remains to date a largely unstudied and partially covert feature of Bangladeshi rural society and culture. My primary objective here is to describe and explain the social origins and the structure ofthe lathiyali system and the political role of lathiyals in mobilizing regional disputes. Briefly, I will try to show how talukdars, as local 'power-holders' in contemporary rural Bangladesh, take advantage of the unstable riverine situation by maintaining 'invisible' armies of lathiyals in order, first, to extract the surplus or use the cheap labour of dependent peasant households to expand their new agricultural frontier, and secondly, to secure further control over new char land. In addition, with lathiyals behind them, the talukdars can also significantly influence outcomes in formal political arenas. There are many studies, by anthropologists and other social scientists, of systems of patronage.3 Barth's (1959) early study of the acephalous political organization of a valley in Swat, Pakistan, is a classic work that deals with the dynamics of alliance and violent conflict over land between political factions based on patronclient relationships that cut across the class division between landlords and landless peasants. Barth analyzed these relationships using what is now commonly known