Closing the Transition: the May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia
Closing the Transition: the May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia
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结束过渡：埃塞俄比亚 1995 年 5 月的选举
DOI：
10.1017/s0022278x00055233
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Lyons
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Lyons
埃塞俄比亚的过渡始于1991年5月推翻军事独裁者门格斯图·海尔·马里亚姆，正式结束于1995年8月新当选的埃塞俄比亚联邦共和国政府宣誓就职。在此期间的四年里，敌对政治力量之间发生了激烈的冲突，以确定进行过渡的规则，从而确定哪种力量将受到青睐。埃塞俄比亚人民革命民主阵线（EPRDF）在罢免门格斯图后的第一个行动是召开全国会议，并成立了一个最初包括广泛政治团体的代表理事会。EPRDF领导了整个过渡时期，并利用其指挥地位巩固其权力。共产党凭借其军事力量、有效的组织和领导以及对议程和竞争规则的控制而主导了政治格局。它围绕着新的种族划分地区、强调自决的宪法和一系列基本上没有争议的选举来构建过渡。
The Ethiopian transition, that began with the overthrow of military dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in May 1991, formally ended with the swearing in of the newly elected Government of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in August 1995. The intervening four years were a contentious time of clashes among rival political forces to determine the rules under which the transition would be conducted and hence which forces would be favoured. The first act of the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) after deposing Mengistu was to convene a National Conference and establish a Council of Representatives that initially included a wide array of political groups. The EPRDF led throughout this transitional period and capitalised on its commanding position to consolidate its power. The party dominated the political landscape by virtue of its military power, effective organisation and leadership, and control of the agenda and rules of competition. It structured the transition around new ethnically defined regions, a constitution that emphasised self-determination, and a series of largely uncontested elections.