Somatic Effects of Predictable and Unpredictable Shock
Somatic Effects of Predictable and Unpredictable Shock
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可预测和不可预测的休克的躯体效应
作者：
J. Weiss
&NA;四项实验检验了应激源可预测性对各种应激反应的影响，例如胃溃疡、血浆皮质酮浓度和体重变化。与接受相同电击但可以通过信号预测电击发生的动物相比，接受电击的老鼠出乎意料地表现出更大的躯体应激反应和更多的应激诱发病理。处于不可预测和可预测电击条件下的受试者通过串联的固定身体电极同时接受电击，从而确保两组的电击强度和持续时间始终完全相同。研究结果表明，同一身体压力源的后果可以通过可预测性等心理因素显着改变，从而指出了心理变量在影响压力方面的重要性。
&NA; Four experiments examined the effects of stressor predictability on a variety of stress responses, such as stomach ulceration, plasma corticosterone concentration and body weight changes. Rats that received electric shocks unpredictably showed greater somatic stress reactions and more stress‐induced pathology than animals that received the same shocks but could predict their occurrence by a signal. Subjects in the Unpredictable and Predictable shock conditions received shock simultaneously through fixed body electrodes wired in series, thus insuring that shock was always of exactly the same intensity and duration for the 2 groups. The results point up the importance of psychologic variables in affecting stress by showing that consequences of the same physical stressor can be markedly altered by psychologic factors such as predictability.