Comparison of typical mega cities in China using emergy synthesis
Comparison of typical mega cities in China using emergy synthesis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cnsns.2008.03.018
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lixiao Zhang;Baoguo Chen;Z. Yang;Guoqian Chen;M. Jiang;Gengyuan Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lixiao Zhang;Baoguo Chen;Z. Yang;Guoqian Chen;M. Jiang;Gengyuan Liu
从能值强度、资源结构、环境压力和资源利用效率四个角度对1990年至2005年中国所在的北京、上海、广州三个典型特大城市进行了能值比较分析。建立了衡量不可再生资源利用效率的新指标--不可再生能值/货币比。结果表明，2005年北京、上海、广州三大城市体系的总能值投入分别为3.76E+23、3.54E+23、2.52E+23sej，其中64.88%、91.45%和72.28%来自外部输入。能值强度指标包括总能值利用、能值密度和人均能值利用，三个城市在1990-2005年间呈现出类似的总体增长趋势和年度波动。与北京和广州相比，上海的经济发展水平和不可再生资源利用效率最高，但可再生资源利用比例较低，环境压力较大。从当地可再生资源使用量、人均能源使用量、单位GDP能耗和垃圾与可再生能源的比率来看，广州具有长期可持续性。基于能值的评价结果因相关特大城市的地理位置、资源禀赋、产业结构和城市定位不同而不同。
An emergy-based comparison analysis is conducted for three typical mega cities in China, i.e., Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, from 1990 to 2005 in four perspectives including emergy intensity, resource structure, environmental pressure and resource use efficiency. A new index of non-renewable emergy/money ratio is established to indicate the utilization efficiency of the non-renewable resources. The results show that for the three mega urban systems, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the total emergy inputs were 3.76E+23, 3.54E+23, 2.52E+23sej in 2005, of which 64.88%, 91.45% and 72.28% were imported from the outsides, respectively. As to the indicators of emergy intensity involving the total emergy use, emergy density and emergy use per cap, three cities exhibited similar overall increase trends with annual fluctuations from 1990 to 2005. Shanghai achieved the highest level of economic development and non-renewable resource use efficiency, and meanwhile, lower proportion of renewable resource use and higher environmental pressure compared to those of Beijing and Guangzhou. Guangzhou has long term sustainability considering an amount of local renewable resources used, per capita emergy used, energy consumption per unit GDP and the ratio of waste to renewable emergy. It can be concluded that different emergy-based evaluation results arise from different geographical locations, resources endowments, industrial structures and urban orientations of the concerned mega cities.