Embracing the Allelopathic Potential of Invasive Aquatic Plants to Manipulate Freshwater Ecosystems
Embracing the Allelopathic Potential of Invasive Aquatic Plants to Manipulate Freshwater Ecosystems
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fenvs.2020.551803
复制
发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sam A. Reynolds;D. Aldridge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sam A. Reynolds;D. Aldridge
淡水生态系统提供基本资源和重要的生态系统服务。这些生态系统处于一种微妙的平衡状态，受到越来越大的人为和气候压力。对淡水生态系统的主要人为威胁之一是富营养化，它往往导致藻类大量繁殖，其中一些可能极为有害。目前防止藻类大量繁殖的化学和物理干预措施可能是昂贵的，短暂的，对生态系统的其他方面具有破坏性。因此，人们对利用生物控制方法感兴趣。本研究旨在评估入侵水生植物化感抑制有害藻类的可行性。在整株和压碎植株状态下测试了天胡荽（Hydrocotyle ranunculoides）（漂浮的Pennywort）和厚叶石蕊（Crassula helmsii）（沼泽石蕊）的化感作用，以考察它们影响绿色藻类小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）和蓝藻集胞藻（Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803）的单培养和共培养的平均种群生长的能力。这些物种的甲醇提取物在文献中已被鉴定为具有高的化感潜力。本研究的主要发现是，小球藻：全H。毛茛和粉碎的C. helmsii对种群平均增长有负效应;毛茛的负效应大于碾碎的毛茛。ranunculoides和粉碎的C.黑刺青蛤的负效应比破碎的黑刺青蛤大。毛茛状。对于集胞藻：压碎的C.对种群平均增长率的负效应大于破碎的黑刺葫芦。小球藻在共培养实验中的存在对其平均种群增长有普遍的积极影响。这些化感作用的物种特异性的相互作用表明，使用化感作用控制藻华可能要进行评估，在个案的基础上，使用组合治疗应进行评估。此外，化感物质在开放水域系统中所产生的影响可能是直接的、间接的和特定的。虽然这项研究探讨了拥抱入侵水生植物的化感潜力的可能性，我们不鼓励新的引进到开放的淡水系统的入侵物种。然而，潜在的化感作用可以在已经入侵的系统或入侵范围内的封闭系统中发挥作用。
Freshwater ecosystems provide essential resources and vital ecosystem services. These ecosystems exist in a delicate state of balance and are under increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures. One of the major anthropogenic threats to freshwater ecosystems is eutrophication that often leads to algal blooms, some of which may be extremely harmful. Current chemical and physical interventions to prevent algal blooms can be expensive, ephemeral and disruptive to other aspects of the ecosystem. Therefore, there is interest in utilising biological methods of control. This study aimed to assess the viability of allelopathic repression of nuisance algae species by invasive aquatic plants. The allelopathic effect of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (Floating Pennywort) and Crassula helmsii (Swamp Stonecrop) were tested in both whole plant and crushed plant states for their ability to affect the average population growth of monocultures and co-cultures of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Methanol extracts from these species have been identified in the literature to have high allelopathic potential. The key findings of this study are that, for Chlorella: whole H. ranunculoides and crushed C. helmsii had a negative effect on the average population growth; whole H. ranunculoides had a greater negative effect than crushed H. ranunculoides; and crushed C. helmsii had a more negative effect than crushed H. ranunculoides. For Synechocystis: crushed C. helmsii had a greater negative effect on the average population growth than crushed H. ranunculoides; and the presence of Chlorella in co-culture experiments had a universally positive effect on its average population growth. The species-specific nature of these allelopathic interactions suggests that the use of allelopathy for algal bloom control may have to be assessed on a case-by-case basis and the use of combination treatments should be assessed. Moreover, the effects exerted by allelochemicals in open water systems is likely to be direct, indirect and context specific. Although this study explores the possibility of embracing the allelopathic potential of invasive aquatic plants, we do not encourage novel introductions of invasive species into open freshwater systems. However, potential allelopathic effects could be leveraged in already invaded systems, or in closed systems within an invaded range.